Storms of Controversy. Palmiro Campagna

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       STORMS OF CONTROVERSY

      FOURTH EDITION

       STORMS OF CONTROVERSY

       THE SECRET AVRO ARROW FILES REVEALED

       PALMIRO CAMPAGNA

       DUNDURN PRESS TORONTO

      Copyright © Palmiro Campagna, 2010

       Originally published by Stoddart Publishing in 1992.

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise (except for brief passages for purposes of review) without the prior permission of Dundurn Press. Permission to photocopy should be requested from Access Copyright.

      Project Editor: Michael Carroll

      Copy Editor: Matt Baker

      Design: Jennifer Scott

      Printer: Marquis

       Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication

      Campagna, Palmiro

      Storms of controversy : the secret Avro Arrow files revealed / Palmiro Campagna ; foreword by Richard Rohmer. -- 4th ed.

      Includes index.

      ISBN 978-1-55488-698-2

      1. Avro Arrow (Turbojet fighter plane). 2. Aircraft industry--Canada--History. 3. Canada--Politics and government--1957-1963. 4. Canada--Foreign relations--United States. 5. United States--Foreign relations-Canada. I. Title.

      TL685.3.C34 2010 338.4’762374640971 C2009-907462-1

      1 2 3 4 5 14 13 12 11 10

      We acknowledge the support of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council for our publishing program. We also acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund and The Association for the Export of Canadian Books, and the Government of Ontario through the Ontario Book Publishers Tax Credit program, and the Ontario Media Development Corporation.

      Care has been taken to trace the ownership of copyright material used in this book. The author and the publisher welcome any information enabling them to rectify any references or credits in subsequent editions.

       J. Kirk Howard, President

      Printed and bound in Canada.

      www.dundurn.com

Dundurn Press 3 Church Street, Suite 500 Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5E 1M2 Gazelle Book Services Limited White Cross Mills High Town, Lancaster, England LA1 4XS Dundurn Press 2250 Military Road Tonawanda, NY U.S.A. 14150

       For James Gilbert and all the children in the world.May their dreams become reality and not suffer at the hands of those unable to dream.

       CONTENTS

       4 Up, Up, or Away?

       5 Mutilation

       6 Why?

       7 Myths and Misconceptions

       Epilogue

       Postscript

       Appendix I: A Selection from the Secret Files

       Appendix II: The Forgotten Tapes and Costs Revealed

       Appendix III: A Report on Arrow Flight-Test Models

       Appendix IV: Continuing Arguments About the Arrow’s Destruction

       Notes

       Index

      The Arrow controversy caused by the abrupt 1959 cancellation of the development of that years-ahead-of-its-time jet aircraft by the Diefenbaker government (followed immediately by the brutal destruction of all existing Arrows) has left a searing scar on the national psyche of Canada. The intimidating puzzle has been — why? Why the cancellation, why the destruction? In his work, Palmiro Campagna lays out hitherto unavailable evidence from Cabinet records. His precise, unemotional documentation gives a new and brilliantly clear picture of the American political influence that used the United States’ Bomarc system threat to cause the naive Canadian government to elect to invest in that worthless system and to cancel the Arrow.

      The Canadian Cabinet argument was that Canada could not afford both programs. The United States, as Campagna tells us, forced the Diefenbaker decision in favour of the Americans’ nuclear-warheaded Bomarc system.

      The explanation of the whys of the demise of the Arrow, as skill-fully developed by Campagna, will not bury the Arrow controversy. But it will serve to illuminate the

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