Uncertain Citizenship
Uncertain Citizenship
Everyday Practices of Bolivian Migrants in Chile
Megan Ryburn
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu.
University of California Press
Oakland, California
© 2018 Megan Ryburn
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Ryburn, Megan, author.
Title: Uncertain citizenship : everyday practices of Bolivian migrants in Chile / Megan Ryburn.
Description: Oakland, California : University of California Press, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2018014113 (print) | LCCN 2018017092 (ebook) | ISBN 9780520970793 (ebook) | ISBN 9780520298767 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780520298774 (pbk. : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Bolivia—Emigration and immigration. | Immigrants—Bolivia—Social conditions. | Foreign workers, Bolivian—Chile—Social conditions. | Bolivians—Chile—Social conditions.
Classification: LCC HD8268.5.B65 (ebook) | LCC HD8268.5.B65 R93 2018 (print) | DDC 305.868/84083—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018014113
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For Liz Ryburn, and in memory of Murray Ryburn
Contents
1. Citizenship, Migration, and Uncertainty
2. Places of Uncertain Citizenship
3. Papeleo
4. ¿El Sueño Chileno?
5. Solidaridad
6. “¿De Dónde Somos?” “¡De Bolivia!”
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Illustrations
MAPS
1. Fieldwork sites in Chile and Bolivia
2. Territorial boundaries of Chile, Peru, and Bolivia before the War of the Pacific
3. Contemporary map of Chile, Peru, and Bolivia
FIGURES
1. Bathroom, Cristina’s migrant cité, Recoleta, Santiago
2. Cooking facilities, Cristina’s migrant cité, Recoleta, Santiago
3. Flower stall, El Agro, Arica
4. Luz María and her family’s street, Plan 3000, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
5. Regular migratory status acquisition for Bolivian migrants in Chile
6. Illustration for International Women’s Day 2015, an homage to migrant women in Chile
7. Market day in Patacamaya, where rural communities come to trade
8. The zona franca, Patacamaya
9. Indigenous flags at demonstration, October 12, 2013
10. Flyposting during demonstration, October 12, 2013
11. Riot police move in on demonstration, October 12, 2013
12. The Anata Andina, Oruro carnival
13. The Entrada, Oruro carnival
14. Performing in the Fifth Annual Patronato Carnival
TABLES
1. Fees for MERCOSUR Temporary Resident Visa by Country
2. Adaptation of Doyal and Gough’s (1991) Intermediate Needs, Reflecting Elements of Social Citizenship
Acknowledgments
First, I want to express my most sincere thanks to all those who participated in the research that became this book. I cannot name you here, but please know that the stories and knowledge you shared with me have been my constant motivation during the long process of completing this project. Mil gracias.
The project began with my doctoral research at the School of Geography and School of Politics and International Relations at Queen Mary University of London. My heartfelt gratitude goes to Cathy McIlwaine, now at King’s College London, whose expertise and research experience have been, and continue to be, a true inspiration. Her invariably insightful comments on my work during the PhD and beyond, and her kindness, generosity, and mentoring, are deeply appreciated. Very many thanks also to James Dunkerley, who gave valuable feedback throughout my doctoral research, and whose breadth of knowledge and passion for his work I greatly admire. Thanks also to Kavita Datta, whose helpful commentary
