6. Higaonna Kanryo Okina: The Iron-Fist Warrior
A Determined Decade in China
Naha’s Well-Known “Secret Bushi”
The Restorer of Naha-Te
Higaonna’s Advice for Using Supplementary Equipment in Karate-Do
7. Funakoshi Gichin Sensei: First Propagator of Karate-Do
Refusing to Remove His Topknot
Tokyo: The Foundation Upon Which Japanese Karate-Do was Built
Spending His Life Propagating Karate-Do
Funakoshi Sensei’s Twenty Principles of Karate-Do
8. Kyan Chotoku Sensei: A Tiny Man With a Self-Trained Fighting Spirit
The Lesson of a Strict Father
Karate Enlightenment
The Taiwan Incident
The Motto of Karate-Do
Highlights of Three Classical Kata
9. Motobu Choki Sensei: The Master Fighter
Motobu “The Monkey”
The Bout Against a Foreigner
The Enormous Power of the Keikoken
10. Ankichi: The Young and Multi-Talented Bushi
Toe-Kicker Extraordinaire
A Profound Knowledge of Music, Folk Dance, and Classical Drama
Powerful Enough to Seize the First Bolt of Lightning
PART TWO: MY PHILOSOPHY OF KARATE-DO
11. The Power of Myth
12. Ken Zen Ichinyo (Karate and Zen are One)
Through True Karate Only, Can Inner Peace Be Found
Musashi and Teshu Both Taught the Significance of Zen
Awakening One’s Inner Self Through Zen
Dedicated to Seeking Ken Zen Ichinyo
13. Basic Instruction for Zazen
Placement of Cushions
Positions of the Hands
The Lotus Positions
Stabilizing the Body
Adjusting the Vision
Initial Deep Breathing
Breathing in Meditation
PART THREE: TEGUMI AND MASTER GRAPPLERS OF OKINAWA
14. Okinawan Tegumi
Introduction
Tegumi and the Origins of Okinawan Sumo
Gatherings, Venues, and the Sumo Ring
Differences Between Okinawan and Japanese Sumo
Master Directors, Referees, and Announcers of Okinawan Sumo
Principal Techniques of Okinawan Sumo
15. Biographies of Okinawan Tegumi Meijin
Akarie Matsuzo
Hawaii’s Kawasaki vs Okinawa’s Kinjo: The Confrontation
Kawasaki Kitatsu
Kinjo Masayuki
The Kawasaki and Kinjo Match
Uezu and Ishikawa: A Confrontation of Small Wrestlers
Uezu Jiryo
Ishikawa Seijin
The Match
Okinawan Sumo in Postwar Japan (c. 1946-1956)
Kushi Jokei: Sumo Critic
Makishiugan: The Big Venue
The Future of Okinawan Sumo
Appendix: Okinawan Karate and World Peace
Foreword
I wonder if it was 1940 or 1941 that I first noticed that remarkable photograph in the display corner of Matayoshi’s Photo Studio on Uenokura Street in Naha. It was a photograph portraying two men standing together, bare-chested. Their musculature was very impressive. One man wore a topknot, and at a glance I could tell he was a sumo wrestler. By comparison, the other man was very short and narrow-shouldered. However, his deeply trained muscles and bone structure were not inferior to that of the six-foot sumo wrestler.
At that time I had come home to Okinawa for winter vacation, but I remember returning to Tokyo with an impression of that picture still fresh in my mind. Fortunately I had a friend, a sturdy shodan (1st degree black belt) in judo, who also practiced karate, from whom I found out more about that impressive photograph.
The sumo wrestler was named Satonishiki and the other man was Mr. Nagamine Shoshin, a local master of karate. My friend explained that Nagamine Sensei was a policeman and one of the most prominent martial artists in Okinawa. Although this was my first time to hear the name of Nagamine Shoshin I already knew of his physique from the photo at Matayoshi’s studio. I also learned that the sumo wrestler Satonishiki was ranked in the top ten by the monthly magazine Baseball World. At that time, headline articles and pictorials of sumo wrestlers were featured in this popular magazine, issued by Baseball Magazine Company.
The physical contrast between Nagamine Shoshin and Satonishiki was obvious from that photo. However, being neither an expert of physical education nor familiar with
