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The American Consul
Since 1776, extraordinary men and women have represented the United States abroad under widely varying circumstances. What they did and how and why they did it remain little known to their compatriots. In 1995, the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training (ADST) and DACOR, an organization of foreign affairs professionals, created the Diplomats and Diplomacy book series to increase public knowledge and appreciation of the professionalism of American diplomats and their involvement in world history. The second edition of Charles Stuart Kennedy's history of the U.S. consular service, the definitive work on the subject, is the fifty-fifth volume in the series.
OTHER TITLES IN THE SERIES
Jonathan Addleton, Mongolia and the United States: A Diplomatic History
ADST, A Brief History of U.S. Diplomacy
Gordon S. Brown, Toussaint's Clause: The Founding Fathers and the Haitian Revolution
Charles T. Cross, Born a Foreigner: A Memoir of the American Presence in Asia
Peter D. Eicher, ed., “Emperor Dead" and Other Historic American Diplomatic Dispatches
Hermann F. Eilts, Early American Diplomacy in the Near and Far East: The Diplomatic and Personal History of Edmund Q. Roberts (1784–1836)
Stephen H. Grant, Peter Strickland: New London Shipmaster, Boston Merchant, First Consul to Senegal
Michael P. E. Hoyt, Captive in the Congo: A Consul's Return to the Heart of Darkness
Dennis C. Jett, American Ambassadors: The Past, Present, and Future of America's Diplomats
David D. Newsom, Witness to a Changing World
Richard B. Parker, Uncle Sam in Barbary: A Diplomatic History
Nicholas Platt, China Boys: How U.S. Relations with the PRC Began and Grew
James W. Spain, In Those Days: A Diplomat Remembers
Nancy Bernkopf Tucker, ed., China Confidential: American Diplomats and Sino-American Relations, 1945–1996
For a complete list of series titles, visit <adst.org/publications>
The American
Consul
A History of the United States
Consular Service, 1776–1924
Revised 2nd Edition
Charles Stuart Kennedy
An ADST-DACOR Diplomats and Diplomacy Book
Washington, DC
Copyright © 2015 by Charles Stuart Kennedy
New Academia Publishing 2015
First edition, The American Consul: A History of the United States Consular Service, 1776–1914 (Greenwood, 1990)
The views and opinions in this book are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, DACOR, Inc., or the Government of the United States.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system.
Published in ebook format by New Academia Publishing
Converted by http://www.eBookIt.com
ISBN-13: 978-0-9864-3535-5 (electronic)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015930109
ISBN 978-0-9906939-7-0 paperback (alk. paper)
Praise
“This book is both a historical record and an introduction to the world of American consuls. The description of the early years of the Republic, with its raffish, sometimes corrupt consular personalities and its first glimmerings of the political spoils system, grows in significance when one considers the modern scandal of political-appointee ambassadors.”
—Diego C. Asencio, former Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs
“Charles Stuart Kennedy has produced a well-researched, comprehensively documented and highly readable history of U.S. consuls and the consular service. The scholar, the practitioner or even the young American bent on public service will find The American Consul to be a riveting read.”
—Maura Ann Harty, former Assistant Secretary of State for ConsularAffairs
Preface to the Second Edition
In the intervening years following the publication of this book’s first edition, The American Consul: A History of the United States Consular Service, 1776–1914 (Greenwood, 1990), I hoped that historians would pick up on the important role of American consuls in the development of U.S. relations with the rest of the world. But that did not happen. As the first edition is no longer in print and had been published with a virtually prohibitive price by a firm that caters to the academic library market, I decided to bring out a new edition in paperback.
This new edition adds the period 1914 to 1924, when the Consular Service was integrated with the Diplomatic Service to form the present-day Foreign Service of the United States. This volume thus adds the work of the Consular Service through the end of World War I, the Greek disaster in Turkey, and Germany in the early years of the Weimar Republic.
On a personal note, I discovered with some chagrin that I had left out a family member in this tribute to the American Consular Service. A few years ago, well after I had published the book, I was playing with the Internet and noted that an entry regarding my grandfather, a Civil War veteran, referred to his father-in-law––my great grandfather Edmund Jüssen––as a fellow veteran. Checking further I found that Great Granddad had been consul general in Vienna between 1885 and 1889. So this obscure title runs in the family: I was consul general four times.
I want to thank the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, Kenneth Brown, Margery Thompson, and Marilyn Bentley for their support in encouraging me to bring out this new edition. The Association generously assigned the following interns to help with the editing of the book, and I thank them all: Jennifer Ricketts, Caroline Lemp, Brad Walvert, Biola Ijadare, Mary Larson, and especially Whitney Kipps, who gave particular attention to polishing the work.
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