J., Back L. Introduction: theorizing race and racism // Back L., Solomos J. (eds.). Theories of race and racism. A reader. London: Routledge, 1999. P. 20.
37
Goldberg D. T. The semantics of race // Ethnic and Racial Studies. 1992. Vol. 15. № 4. P. 543–569; Piper N. Racism, nationalism and citizenship. Ethnic minorities in Britain and Germany. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998. P. 34–35.
38
Frankenberg R. White women, race matters: the social construction of whiteness. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1993. P. 138.
39
Sniderman P. M., Tetlock Ph. E. Symbolic racism: problems of motive attribution in political analysis // Journal of social issues. 1986. Vol. 42. № 2. P. 129–150; Miles R. Racism. London and New York: Routledge, 1989. P. 66–68; Idem. The articulation of racism and nationalism: reflections on European history // Wrench J., Solomos J. (eds.). Racism and migration in Western Europe. Oxford: Berg, 1993. P. 35–52; Balibar É. Es Gibt Keinen Staat in Europa: Racism and politics in Europe today // New Left Review. 1991. № 186. P. 11; Guillaumin C. ‘Race’ and discourse // Silverman M. (ed.). Race, discourse and power in France. Aldershot: Avebury, 1991. P. 10–12; Omi M., Winant H. Racial formation in the United States. From the 1960s to the 1990s. New York: Routledge, 1994. P. 69–70; Taguieff P.-A. Les fins de l’antiracism. Paris: éditions Michalon, 1995; Solomos J., Back L. Racism and society. P. 209–214; Wieviorka M. Is it difficult to be an anti-racist? // Werbner P., Modood T. (eds.). Debating cultural hybridity. Multi-cultural identities and the politics of anti-racism. London: Zed Books, 1997. P. 139–140; Winant H. Racism today. Об этой тенденции см. также: Fredrickson G. M. Racism: a short history. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 2002. P. 145–146.
40
Goldberg D. T. The semantics of race. P. 551. Ср.: Silverstein P. A. Immigrant racialization and the new savage slot: race, migration, and immigration in the New Europe // Annual Review of Anthropology. 2005. Vol. 34. P. 364.
41
Goldberg D. T. The semantics of race. P. 553, 556.
42
Williams B. A class act: anthropology and the race to nation across ethnic terrain // Annual review of anthropology. 1989. Vol. 18. P. 430–432; Майлз Р., Браун М. Расизм. М.: РОССПЭН, 2004. С. 118–125.
43
Dominguez V. R. A taste for «the Other» // Current Anthropology. 1994. Vol. 35. № 4. P. 334–335.
44
Bashi V. Racial categories matter because racial hierarchies matter: a commentary // Ethnic and Racial Studies. 1998. Vol. 21. № 5. P. 959–968. Ср.: Omi M., Winant H. Racial formation in the United States. P. 20, 22; Allen T., Eade J. Understanding ethnicity // Allen T., Eade J. (eds.). Divided Europeans: understanding ethnicities in conflict. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999. P. 34.
45
Sleeter Ch. E. Advancing a White discourse: a response to Scheurich // Educational Researcher. 1993. Vol. 22; Rodriguez N. M. Emptying the content of Whiteness // Kincheloe J. L., Steinberg Sh. R., Rodriguez N. M., Chennault R. E. (eds.). White reign. Deploying whiteness in America. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998. P. 48; Bonnett A. Anti-racism. P. 127; Sleeper J. Liberal racism. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002. P. 4–6.
46
Об этом см.: Szwed J. F. An American anthropological dilemma: the politics of Afro-American culture // Hymes D. (ed.). Reinventing anthropology. New York: Pantheon, 1972. P. 153–181; Lawrence E. In the abundance of water the fool is thirsty: sociology and black ‘pathology’ // Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (eds.). The empire strikes back: race and racism in 70s Britain. London: Hutchinson, 1982. P. 95–142; Малахов В. С. Расизм и мигранты // Неприкосновенный запас. 2002. № 5 (25). С. 29–34. В контексте такого дискурса некоторые авторы проводят различия между, с одной стороны, «истинным расизмом», а с другой – «этническим конфликтом» между представителями одной и той же «расы». Но антирасисты не интересуются такими нюансами и борются против дискриминации, которая порождается групповой натурализацией и стереотипизацией. Об этом см.: Bonnett A. Anti-racism. P. 118–119.
47
Omi M., Winant H. Racial formation in the United States. P. 56; Mukhopadhyay C. C., Moses Y. T. Reestablishing «race» in anthropological discourse. P. 523.
48
Gilroy P. ‘There ain’t no black in the Union Jack’. The cultural politics of race and nation. London: Unwin Hyman, 1987. P. 17.
49
Rattantsi A. The uses of racialization: the time-spaces and subject-objects of the raced body // Murji K., Solomos J. (eds.). Racialization: studies in theory and practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. P. 272.
50
Ibid.
51
Wade P. Human nature and race // Anthropological theory. 2004. Vol. 4. № 2. P. 162.
52
Popeau J. Race/ethnicity // Jenks C. (ed.). Core sociological dichotomies. London: Sage, 1998. P. 166.
53
Driedger L., Halli Sh. S. The race challenge 2000 // Driedger L., Halli Sh. S. (eds.). Race and racism: Canada’s challenge. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s Univ. Press, 2000. P. 17; Wargon S. T. Historical and political reflections on race // Driedger L., Halli Sh. S. (eds.). Race and racism: Canada’s challenge. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s Univ. Press, 2000. P. 21–30. Специфика канадской ситуации, в отличие от США, определялась тем, что в Канаде издавна большая роль отводилась различиям между англоязычным и франкоязычным
