Racism, modernity and identity: on the Western front. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 1994. P. 56.
94
Это перекликается со словами Р. Бенедикт о том, что, «чтобы понять расовые гонения, нам не надо изучать расу, а надо изучать гонения». См.: Benedict R. Race and racism. P. 147.
95
Katz Ph. A. Racism and social science: towards a new commitment // Katz Ph. A. (ed.). Towards the elimination of racism. New York: Pergamon, 1976. P. 3.
96
Miles R. Racism. London and New York: Routledge, 1989. P. 48–50, 79; Майлз Р., Браун М. Расизм. С. 105.
97
Taylor P. C. Race. A philosophical introduction. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2004. P. 34–37.
98
Banton M. The idea of race. London: Tavistock, 1977. Об этом см.: Barot R., Bird J. Racialization: the genealogy and critique of a concept // Ethnic and Racial Studies. 2001. Vol. 24. № 4. P. 607–608.
99
Miles R. Racism. P. 75.
100
Williams B. A class act: anthropology and the race to nation across ethnic terrain // Annual review of anthropology. 1989. Vol. 18. P. 431. Советский социолог А. Шийк описал этот процесс еще в 1930 г. См.: Шийк А. Расовая проблема и марксизм. С. 319–320.
101
Goldberg D. Th. The semantics of race. P. 561; Dominguez V. R. A taste for «the Other» // Current Anthropology. 1994. Vol. 35. № 4. P. 334; Bas-hi V. Racial categories matter because racial hierarchies matter: a commentary // Ethnic and Racial Studies. 1998. Vol. 21. № 5. P. 963; Wodak R., Reisigl M. Discourse and racism: European perspectives // Annual Review of Anthropology. 1999. Vol. 28. P. 180; Lentin A. Racism and anti-racism in Europe. London: Pluto Press, 2004. P. 28–29; Murji K., Solomos J. (eds.). Racialization: studies in theory and practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005; Rattansi A. Racism. P. 107. О проблематичности этого термина см.: Barot R., Bird J. Racialization.
102
Silverstein P. A. Immigrant racialization and the new savage slot: race, migration, and immigration in the New Europe // Annual Review of Anthropology. 2005. Vol. 34. P. 364.
103
Wieviorka M. The arena of racism. London: Sage, 1995. P. 33.
104
Jacobson M. F. Whiteness of a different color. European immigrants and the alchemy of race. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998. P. 105–106; Cornell S., Hartmann D. Ethnicity and race. P. 153–194.
105
Haney Lopez I. F. White by law: the legal construction of race. New York: New York Univ. Press, 1996.
106
MacMaster N. Racism in Europe, 1870–2000. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave, 2001. P. 176–189, 200–204; Gillborn D. Critical race theory and education: racism and anti-racism in educational theory and praxis // Discourse: studies in the cultural politics of education. 2006. Vol. 27. № 1. P. 14–17, 21.
107
Van Dijk T. A. Elite discourse and racism. Newbury Park: Sage, 1993.
108
MacMaster N. Racism in Europe… P. 7, 200–204.
109
Chase A. The legacy of Malthus: the social costs of the New scientific racism. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1980. P. 72; Todorov T. On human diversity. P. 91; Omi M., Winant H. Racial formation in the United States. P. 71.
110
Feagin J. R., Vera H., Batur P. White racism. P. 2–7.
111
Winant H. Racism today. P. 760–761.
112
Winant H. Racial formation and hegemony: global and local developments // Rattansi A., Westwood S. (eds.). Racism, modernity and identity: on the Western front. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 1994. P. 270.
113
Benedict R. Race and racism. P. 157.
114
Bauman Z. Modernity and the Holocaust. Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell Univ. Press, 2000. P. 65–72.
115
Ibid. P. 74.
116
Майлз Р., Браун М. Расизм. С. 105, 131–133.
117
Gilroy P. Between camps: nations, cultures and the allure of race. London: Routledge, 2004. P. 144.
118
Van Leeuwen B. To what extent is racism a magical transformation? An existential-phenomenological perspective on racism and anti-racism // Journal of social philosophy. 2007. Vol. 38. № 2. Действительно, судя по новейшим исследованиям, эмоции, основанные на стереотипах, искаженных представлениях и «здравом смысле», играют немаловажную роль в развитии расизма.
