Lost Worlds of 1863
Relocation and Removal of American Indians in the Central Rockies and the Greater Southwest
W. Dirk Raat
Professor Emeritus, State University of New York, Fredonia
With a Foreword by
Navajo and Laguna Pueblo Artist Steven Jon Yazzie
This edition first published 2022
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
The right of W. Dirk Raat to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
Registered Office
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
Editorial Office
111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty
While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Raat, W. Dirk (William Dirk), 1939- author.
Title: Lost worlds of 1863 : relocation and removal of American Indians in the Central Rockies and the Greater Southwest / W. Dirk Raat; with a foreword by Navajo artist Steven Jon Yazzie.
Description: Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Contents: Prologue: Indigenous peoples in a global context : myth, struggle and survival -- Slavery and removal in Califormia and the Far West -- Lincoln, free soil and Fremont: the Emancipation Proclamation and Indian slavery -- Commentary: Lincoln and the Pueblos -- Numu (Paiute) wanderings, trails, and tears -- Commentary: The military and the boarding school -- Great Basin tribal politics-- Western Shoshones, Southern Paiutes and Colorado Utes -- The Arizona & New Mexico-Sonoran experience -- The long walk of the Navajo -- Commentary: The Hopi-Navajo land controversy -- Death of Mangas Coloradas, Chiricahua “renegades”, and Apache prisoners of war -- Treasure hunters hunting deer hunters : Yavapai and Apache gold -- With friends like these : the O’odham water controversy -- Commentary: Mormons and Lamanites -- From removal (“ethnic cleansing”) to genocide -- From battle to massacre on the Bear River -- Slaying the deer slayers in Mexico : the Yaqui experience -- Epilogue: After relocation, from Geronimo to Houser.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021009928 (print) | LCCN 2021009929 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119777625 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119777649 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119777632 (epub) | ISBN 9781119777656 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Indian Removal, 1813-1903. | Indians of North America--West (U.S.)--Treatment of. | Indians of North America--West (U.S.)--Government relations--19th century. | Whites--Relations with Indians. | West (U.S.)--Race relations--History--19th century. | Indians of North America--West (U.S.)--Crimes against. | United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Influence. | Racism--West (U.S.)--History--19th century.
Classification: LCC E98.R4 R33 2022 (print) | LCC E98.R4 (ebook) | DDC 973.04/97--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021009928
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021009929
Cover image: “Uprooting of a Dine’ Family” from Navajo and Laguna Pueblo artist Steven Jon Yazzie’s mural entitled Fear of a Red Planet: Relocation and Removal at the Heard Museum in Phoenix, Arizona (2000). Yazzie also wrote the foreword to Lost Worlds of 1863. It’s a personal note in which he speaks of his family’s trauma and survival tactics at the Boarding School, and his grandmother’s contemporary experience (1980s–1990s) of forced removal in what has been called the “Second Long Walk.” Yazzie also contributed several images to the book.
Cover design by Wiley
Set in 9.5/12.5 STIX Two Text by Integra Software Services, Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India
Genocide (jen’ə sīd’), n. the deliberate and systematic elimination of a national or racial group. The attempt to eradicate a people or a culture from antiquity to the present. Historically, genocide has taken three forms—physical, biological, or cultural—usually, with some exceptions, functioning in conjunction with one another.
In Memoriam
This book is dedicated to the memory of indigenous peoples who did survive, as well as those who did not, the devastation and massacres of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Contents
1 Cover
