this chapter, we have analyzed the benefits and risks of NT and suggested how to use green nanotechnology (GNT) models to solve the potential risks. Such an attempt on greening nanotechnology applications will add value to the products and processes that are related to basic needs, advanced wants, and dreamy desires of the people. The discussions are based on the systematic analysis of the opportunities and challenges using standard frameworks on primary industry sector, secondary industry sector, tertiary industrial sector, and quaternary industry sector to interpret the importance of the advent of GNT in society.
3.2 Related Works
GNT deals with environmentally friendly processes of preparation, large‐scale manufacturing, and industrial use of nanomaterials by minimizing environmental degradation and potential risks of health hazards. A systematic review of important related works published recently on various underlying areas of GNT is listed in Table 3.2 by identifying issues of environmental degradation. Based on the review and current understanding of various issues of environmental degradation, the opportunities and challenges of using NT as green and eco‐friendly technology are discussed and analyzed.
3.3 Objectives and Research Methodology
To understand the possibility of using emerging NT as green and eco‐friendly technology by means of the following objectives:
1 To identify green processes for nanomaterial preparation, handling, and conversion into nanosystems.
2 To discuss the opportunities and challenges of GNT in the primary industry sector including agriculture, forestry, mining, fisheries, etc.Table 3.2 Review on research scholarly publications in green nanotechnology‐related areas.S. No.AreaIssue and outcomeReferences1Environmental challenges of production of nanomaterialsChallenges in toxicity and environmental risks of nanomaterialsRay et al. [9]Risks of nanomaterials in aquatic and terrestrial environmentsBatley et al. [10]Environmental risk assessment of nano‐TiO2, nano‐Ag, nano‐ZnO, CNT, and fullerenesColl et al. [11]Potential health risks of nanomaterials used in biomedical applicationsLanone and Boczkowski [12]Risks of nanomaterials used in regenerative medicine, delivery systems, theragnostic, and therapyMedina‐Reyes et al. [13]Frameworks and tools for risk assessment of manufactured nanomaterialsHristozov et al. [14]2Green production of nanomaterialsGreen production of carbon nanomaterialsRezaei and Kamali [15]Green nanotechnology of Au particles from plant extractsGeraldes et al. [16]Green manufacturing of ultrapure engineered nanomaterialsOrtiz de Zárate et al. [17]Green synthesis of iron nanoparticlesSaif et al. [18]Green approach for the production of zinc oxide nanoparticlesAl‐Dhabi and Arasu [19]Eco‐friendly approaches for green synthesis of silver nanoparticlesBhosale et al. [20]3Nanomaterials for agriculture and food industriesRole of nanotechnology in agriculture with special reference to the management of insect pestsRai and Ingle [21]Novel environment‐friendly crop improvement strategiesYashveer et al. [22]Nanomaterials in food and agriculture: safety concerns and regulatory issuesJain et al. [23]Nanosensors applications in agriculture and food industryOmanović‐Mikličanina and Maksimović [24]Nanomaterials in plant protectionMazzaglia et al. [25]Nanomaterials for food packagingHuang et al. [26]Nanotechnology in precision agricultureDuhan et al. [27]4Nanomaterials for potable water and clean environment industryIdeal water purifier system using nanotechnologyAithal and Aithal [28]Nanotechnology for water treatment – a green approachPatanjali et al. [29]Synthesis and applications of biogenic nanomaterials in drinking and wastewater treatmentGautam et al. [30]Remediation of water and wastewater by using engineered nanomaterialsBishoge et al. [31]Nanotechnology applicability in industrial wastewater treatmentKamali et al. [32]New generation nanomaterials for water desalinationTeow and Mohammad [33]Engineered nanomaterials for water treatment and remediationAdeleye et al. [34]Sustainable development of environment using green nanomaterialsSivaraj et al. [35]5Nanomaterials for renewable energyNanotechnology innovations and business opportunities in renewable energy sectorAithal and Aithal [36]Concept and characteristics of ideal energy systemAithal and Aithal [37]Realization opportunity of ideal energy system using nanotechnologyAithal and Aithal [38]Nanomaterial used in clean energy technologiesMoore et al. [39]Green nanotechnology of trends in future energyGuo [40]Nanotechnology for achieving green‐economy through sustainable energyPandey [41]Nanomaterials for energy conversion and storageChoi et al. [42]Polydopamine‐inspired nanomaterials for energy conversion and storageQu et al. [43]6Nanomaterials for infrastructure and constructionNanomaterials in cementitious compositesAdesina [44]Reinforcement efficiency of low‐cost graphite nanomaterials in high‐performance concretePeyvandi et al. [45]Nanomaterials to enhance microstructure and mechanical properties of concreteKwalramani and Syed [46]Nanotechnology as a preventive engineering solution to highway infrastructure failuresUgwu et al. [47]Nanotechnology innovations for the sustainable buildings of the futureSev and Ezel [48]Energy savings and sustainable constructionOke et al. [49]7Nanomaterials for cosmeticsUse of nanomaterials in cosmeticsYapar and Inal [50]Current role of nanomaterials in cosmeticsSrinivas [51]Present situation and future of nanomaterials in cosmeticsMasunaga [52]Gold nanomaterials in consumer cosmetics nanoproductsCao et al. [53]Role of nanostructured materials in cosmeticsBilal and Iqbal [54]Silver nanoparticles in cosmeticsGajbhiye and Sakharwade [55]Material engineering and nanotechnology for improving sports performance and equipmentShalaby and Saad [56]8Nanomaterials for transportation and automobilesPotential applications of nanotechnology in transportationMathew et al. [57]Economic and environmental implications of using nanocomposites in automobilesLloyd and Lave [58]Nanotechnological innovations and business environment for the Indian automobile sectorAithal and Aithal [59]Nanotechnology applications in future automobilesWallner et al. [60]Nanotechnology in automobile industry for efficiency enhancementGurjar and Tyagi [61]Nanotechnology in transportation vehicles: an overviewShafique and Luo [62]Applications of carbon nanotubes in automobilesKrishnan et al. [63]9Nanomaterials for consumer applications industryNanomaterials in consumer products: a challenging analytical problemContado [64]Nanomaterials in consumer productsHansen et al. [65]Nanotechnology in the real world: redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventoryVance et al. [66]10Nanomaterials for electronics and computer industryMEMS and nanotechnology research for the electronics industryPak [67]Inorganic nanomaterials for printed electronicsWu [68]Application of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the computer science and electrical engineeringMoghaddam et al. [69]Polymer nanocomposites and their applications in electronics industryTyagi and Tyagi [70]The impact of carbon nanotubes and graphene on electronics industryVargas‐Bernal et al. [71]Potential impact of nanomaterials in information and communication technologiesAnuhya and Eunice [72]Graphene‐reinforced polymeric nanocomposites in computer and electronics industriesKardanmoghaddam et al. [73]Fully integrated graphene and carbon nanotube interconnects for gigahertz high‐speed CMOS electronicsChen et al. [74]Carbon nanomaterials for non‐volatile memoriesAhn et al. [75]3D assembly of graphene nanomaterials for advanced electronicsLe Ferrand et al. [76]11Nanomaterials for health and pharmaceutical industryImpact of nanomaterials on health and environmentThomas et al. [77]Nanotherapeutics – product development along the “nanomaterial” discussionWacker [78]Occupational safety and health criteria for responsible development of nanotechnologySchulte et al. [79]Effective drug delivery system of biopolymers based on nanomaterials and hydrogelsGopi et al. [80]Biopharmaceutics and therapeutic potential of engineered nanomaterialsLiang et al. [81]12Nanomaterials for space industryEngineered nanomaterials in aerospaceArepalli and Moloney [82]Carbon nanomaterials on a space station boardRizakhanov et al. [83]Nanotechnology safety in the aerospace industryHaynes and Asmatulu [84]Space electric propulsion systems based on smart nanomaterialsLevchenko et al. [85]Bio‐inspired hierarchical nanomaterials for space applicationsCarpinteri and Pugno [86]Potential space applications of nanomaterialsNovikov and Voronina [87]
3 To discuss the opportunities and challenges of GNT in secondary industry sector including (i) potable water sector, (ii) environment cleaning sector, (iii) food and food processing sector, (iv) renewable energy sector, (v) construction industry sector, (vi) consumable goods industry sector, (vii) automobiles industry, (viii) medical equipment's and drug synthesis, etc.
4 To
