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Rules for Virgins
Amy Tan
Contents
The Valley of Amazement
‘Rules for Virgins’ is adapted from Amy Tan’s novel, The Valley of Amazement, published by Fourth Estate in October 2013.
A painting called The Valley of Amazement is passed along through three generations of women of the same family. Despite vast differences in their upbringing, culture and circumstances, each of the women is drawn to discover the meaning of the painting and the unknown history of her mother. The story begins in San Francisco in the 1880s when Lucia Hoggs meets a young Chinese painter. She follows him to Shanghai but parts ways with him, and, out of necessity, becomes a courtesan.
A decade later, Daisy, Lucia’s twelve-year-old daughter by the painter, is separated from her mother, who has boarded a boat sailing to San Francisco, and is sold into a brothel as a virgin courtesan. She rises to become one the ‘Ten Beauties of Shanghai’. After her career declines, she marries and leaves Shanghai. But when a fire devastates the village and kills her husband seven years later, she is blamed and banished to an alpine valley in Heaven Mountain, a once-holy place now said to be cursed.
Fourteen years later and Daisy’s daughter, Rose, has been adopted by a couple from the Hudson Valley in New York, and is now an American journalist. An old woman comes to her while she is staying Shanghai, claiming she was her mother Daisy’s maid, and that she has safeguarded her mother's possessions and now wants to sell them to Rose. One item is a painting of the Valley of Amazement landscape. There is a second painting – of an American woman. On the back is an inscription in English, ‘For Miss Hoggs from Pei Lu Shing. Dark with excessive bright’. Ultimately, Rose will confront the truth that ties these three generations of women to each other …
Rules for Virgins
Wherein Magic Gourd advises young Violet on how to become a popular courtesan while avoiding cheapskates, false love, and suicide
Shanghai
1912
DO YOU WANT to wear out your insides by the time you are sixteen? Of course not. Then learn these lessons well.
While you are still a virgin courtesan, you must know all the arts of enticement and master the balance of anticipation and reticence. Your defloration won’t happen until the New Year, when you turn fifteen, and I expect you to have many ardent suitors by the time Madam is ready to sell your bud.
You might be thinking, “What does my attendant, old Magic Gourd, know about romance?” When I was nineteen, I was one of the Top Ten Beauties of Shanghai. And not too many courtesans last until they are thirty-two. So you see, I know more than most.
Reputation
Always remember, little Violet, you are creating a world of romance and illusion. When you play the zither, it should be the aching or joyous companion to your song-poem. Sing to your suitor as if no one else is in the room, as if it was fate that brought you two together at this moment, in this place. You cannot simply pluck the silk strings or let memorized words fall from your mouth. You might as well not play at all and just take the sedan directly to a brothel where no one bothers with illusions or preludes.
Most beauties learn only ten song-poems throughout their career. You will not be like most. You will be unusual. Over the next year, you will learn three melodies about mountain retreats, three rustic ballads about maidens and young boys who meet in the mountains, three classic song-poems about returning from war and slaying tigers, one sing-speak tune to make guests laugh, one lively favorite for happy celebrations, and one farewell hymn about companions who will soon depart, which adds warmth at the end of a party and extends an invitation to get drunk together again.
You are an educated girl, so I know you are capable of learning quickly if you are disciplined. If you want to become one of the Top Ten Beauties of Shanghai, your repertoire must be large enough to choose a different song for each suitor who hosts a dinner in your honor. When you sing it to him, he will forget all other women. When it comes time for the public to vote for the Top Ten Beauties, guess which beauty out of all of the first-class houses will get the most votes? Each month, you will learn another song, and with each you must sound natural and honest, as if this song is flowing from your heart. I will accompany you on the zither until your warbled notes don’t sound like two cats screeching over the same dead mouse.
We’ll choose your song-poems carefully. Forget winter mountain poems, because they are always cold and bare in mood. But those having to do with spring thaw are fine, because they speak of renewal and abundance, the opposite of death and loneliness. Songs of summer yielding to autumn are acceptable, especially if they include the tasting of fruits your suitor enjoys. Make sure the fruit is not overly ripe, however, because that suggests worms will follow. The sounds of nesting swallows carry promise, but avoid any songs that have to do with the arrival of magpies or the departure of phoenixes, since they herald bad news and the retreat of life.
Later, when you are closer to your defloration, you will learn a few song-poems about the death of a beautiful girl. I know it seems strange to choose sad songs, but tragedy opens the aching heart and increases longing, passion, and desperation. A man will do anything to remove regret and feel his loved one back in his arms. Even if he has never lost anyone he truly loved, he will want to lie next to you, to unite with your departed spirit, to revel once again at the peak of passion. The tips to attendants and maids are especially good when the songs are tragic, to say nothing of the gifts that will be placed at your goddess feet.
In time, we will add to your repertoire those song-poems that match each man’s idea of his self-importance. Is he a scholar, a businessman, or a politician? These are songs you would perform for the host in front of his friends, and the more songs you know, the better you can sing praises not just to a scholar but to the president of a university, not just to a businessman but to the chief officer of Renji. There are many captains of industry; you need to know the nature of those industries. Occasionally, you might entertain the abbot of a temple. That
