Bureau
Founded in 1891, in Bern, Switzerland. For facilitating communication between societies and peoples, collecting information on the peace movement and helping to prepare the Annual Peace Congress.
1911
Nobel Prize in Physics
Wilhelm Wien
Born January 13, 1864, in Gaffken, Germany, and died August 30, 1928, in Munich. For his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Marie Curie, née Maria Sklodowska
Born November 7, 1867, in Warsaw, Poland, and died July 4, 1934, in Savoy, France. In recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element.
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Allvar Gullstrand
Born June 5, 1862, in Landskrona, Sweden, and died July 28, 1930, in Stockholm. For his work on the dioptrics of the eye.
Nobel Prize in Literature
Maurice Maeterlinck, pseudonym of Maurice Polidore Marie Bernhard Maeterlinck
Born August 29, 1862, in Ghent, Belgium, and died May 6, 1949, in Nice, France. In appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers’ own feelings and stimulate their imaginations.
Nobel Peace Prize
Tobias Michael Carel Asser
Born April 28, 1838, in Amsterdam, Netherlands, and died July 29, 1913, in The Hague. Practical statesman and a pioneer of the legal regulation in international relations.
Alfred Hermann Fried
Born November 11, 1864, in Vienna, Austria, and died May 5, 1921, in Vienna. Author of literary works, which have eventually made him the greatest pacifist of the last 20 years.
1912
Nobel Prize in Physics
Nils Gustaf Dalén
Born November 30, 1869, in Stenstorp, Sweden, and died December 9, 1937, in Lidingö.For his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Victor Grignard
Born May 6, 1871, in Cherbourg, France, and died December 13, 1935, in Lyon.For the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry.
&
Paul Sabatier
Born November 5, 1854, in Carcassonne, France, and died August 14, 1941, in Toulouse.For his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years.
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Alexis Carrel
Born June 28, 1873, in Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France, and died November 5, 1944, in Paris. In recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs.
Nobel Prize in Literature
Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann
Born November 15, 1862, in Bad Obersalzbrunn, Germany, and died June 6, 1946, in Agnetendorf. Primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art.
Nobel Peace Prize
Elihu Root
Born February 15, 1845, in Clinton, New York, United States, and died February 7, 1937, in New York.A man of engaging personality who has tried, with determination and independence, to put his ideals into practice.
1913
Nobel Prize in Physics
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
Born September 21, 1853, in Groningen, Netherlands, and died February 21, 1926, in Leiden, Germany. For his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Alfred Werner
Born December 12, 1866, in Mülhausen, Germany (now France), and died November 15, 1919, in Zurich,Switzerland. In recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry.
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Charles Richet
Born August 25, 1850, in Paris, France, and died December 4, 1835, in Paris. In recognition of his work on anaphylaxis.
Nobel Prize in Literature
Ravindranatha Thakur, pseudonym of Rabindranath Tagore
Born May 7, 1861, in Calcutta, India, and died August 7, 1941, in Calcutta. Because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West.
Nobel Peace Prize
Henri La Fontaine
Born April 22, 1854, in Brussels, Belgium, and died May 14, 1943, in Brussels. For his efforts to establish and follow the principles of international understanding and cooperation among men.
1914
Nobel Prize in Physics
Max von Laue
Born October 9, 1879, in Pfaffendorf, Germany, and died April 24, 1960, in Berlin. For his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Theodore William Richards
Born January 31, 1868, in Germantown, Pennsylvania, United States, and died April 2, 1928, in Cambridge, Massachusetts.In recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of
