The New Totalitarian Temptation. Todd Huizinga

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      CONTENTS

      Chapter 8 Écrasez l’Infâme: Religion and the EU Constitution

      Chapter 9 The Eurozone Crisis and the Politics behind the Money

       PART FOUR – TRANSFORMING HUMAN RIGHTS

      Chapter 10 Absolute Autonomy: The Global Ethic of Women’s Rights

      Chapter 11 The Deconstruction of Human Nature: LGBT Rights

      Chapter 12 Antidiscrimination and Religious Freedom in a Post-Christian Europe

       PART FIVE – OUR BEST FRIENDS AND OUR WORST ANTAGONISTS

      Chapter 13 Global Governance and National Sovereignty

      Chapter 14 Global Judicial Despotism and the International Criminal Court

      Chapter 15 Binding the Leviathan in Its War on Terror

      Chapter 16 Post-Christian Europe and Religion in America

       PART SIX – SOFT UTOPIA AT A CROSSROADS

      Chapter 17 The Price of the Euro: Unprecedented Integration or EU Breakup?

      Chapter 18 Demographics and Islam: The Challenges for Europe’s Future

      Chapter 19 The Crisis of Democracy in Europe

      Epilogue: Will America Follow the EU into the Soft Utopia?

       Acknowledgments

       Notes

       Index

       For Vici, Philip, Nicholas and Sarah

       INTRODUCTION:

       UNDERSTANDING THE EU

      This is a book about the European Union, an organization that is exceedingly opaque, dauntingly complex and full of mutually opposing currents and interests. It is not surprising that the EU is poorly understood. But a grasp of the EU is necessary in order to understand international affairs, the global economy and the world’s most important alliance – the transatlantic alliance between North America and Europe. This book is not an “EU for Dummies;” nor is it a handbook that would explain the bureaucratic machinery of the EU institutions, or the technicalities of the EU treaties. Rather, it is a sketch of the EU’s essence: what kind of organization the EU is, how it is understood by those who are committed to the European idea, what its reason for being is.

      Current events have made it more crucial than ever to understand what makes the EU tick. What are the ideological roots of the eurozone crisis? Why do so many EU leaders seem willing to risk exposing their people to more jihadist terror and to invite a potentially unmanageable de-Westernization of Europe by opening the floodgates to immigrants from a burning Middle East? And finally, what does all of this imply for the United States and Europe, the transatlantic alliance, and the world at large?

      In dealing with these questions, this book is meant to sound an alarm. It is written out of great admiration for Europe, in the hope that Europe’s postwar democracies and the Western idea of self-government rooted in truth will not be lost to a new ideology – the soft-utopian ideology of global governance that has become the EU’s driving force.

      THE SOFT UTOPIA OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

      The European Union, rising from the ruins of two devastating world wars, embodies a longing for a world of peace, prosperity and stability. It is more than just a free-trade area, a customs union or an international organization through which the member states pursue their national interests. It is meant to be the harbinger of a new era, in which a cosmopolitan and harmonious Europe provides the model for a worldwide system of supranational governance. In this new world order, power is to be wielded not primarily by national governments on behalf of national electorates, but by an ever-thickening web of international organizations administering a growing body of international law and regulation, purportedly in the interests of a global citizenry.

      The EU is, in effect, a “soft utopia,” engendered in the birthplace of the “hard utopias,” the antihuman ideologies that led to immense misery, death and ruin in the twentieth century. Unlike the hard utopias of communism and fascism, the EU has no political prisons or secret police. Despite its own deficiency of democratic legitimacy, it has helped foster the worldwide spread of democracy, free markets and the rule of law since its inception. Like communism and fascism, however, it is in essence a utopia – a political construct that seeks humankind’s ultimate purpose in a better-than-possible world created by politics. It puts politics before people, as it seeks to remake human beings in the service of its political project rather than to adapt the project to human beings as they are.

      But the EU does not seek to realize its dream by force; it is too comfortable and too relativistic for that. The European idea itself remains amorphous, and its underlying ideology vague. There is nothing jagged or sharp-edged about the EU.

      THE ENDLESS BECOMING OF THE EU

      Despite the soft edges and vagueness, it is not impossible to delineate the EU and describe the essence of its soft utopia. The first thing to understand is that the EU cannot be defined in familiar categories, in the way that one could define the United States as a nation-state with a constitutional liberal democracy, for example, or the United Nations as a global international organization functioning as a forum for cooperation among its member states. The EU is sui generis. It is far more powerful than a traditional international organization, and its members are far more politically and economically integrated, but neither is it a European superstate. It is like nothing that has come before it, and, more than sixty years after the establishment of its first predecessor, the European Coal and Steel Community, the EU is still evolving, still in the process of becoming. And no one really has a particular end state in mind.

      In fact, the EU has been in the process of becoming for so long that many believe the very essence of the EU is process – constant motion and change. Many commentators have

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