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Body of Victim, Body of Warrior
SOUTH ASIA ACROSS THE DISCIPLINES
Edited by Dipesh Chakrabarty, Sheldon Pollock, and Sanjay Subrahmanyam
South Asia Across the Disciplines is a series devoted to publishing first books across a wide range of South Asian studies, including art, history, philology or textual studies, philosophy, religion, and interpretive social sciences. Contributors all share the goal of opening up new archives, especially in South Asian languages, and suggesting new methods and approaches, while demonstrating that South Asian scholarship can be at once deep in expertise and broad in appeal.
Funded by a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and jointly published by the University of California Press, the University of Chicago Press, and Columbia University Press. Read more about the series at http://www.saacrossdisciplines.org.
Extreme Poetry: The South Asian Movement of Simultaneous Narration, by Yigal Bronner (Columbia University Press, 2010)
The Social Space of Language: Vernacular Culture in British Colonial Punjab, by Farina Mir (University of California Press, 2010)
Unifying Hinduism: The Philosophy of Vijnanabhiksu in Indian Intellectual History, by Andrew J. Nicholson (Columbia University Press, 2010)
Secularizing Islamists?: Jama‘at-e-Islami and Jama ‘at-ud-Da‘wa in Urban Pakistan, by Humeira Iqtidar (University of Chicago Press, 2011)
Islam Translated: Literature, Conversion, and the Arabic Cosmopolis of South and Southeast Asia, by Ronit Ricci (University of Chicago Press, 2011)
Conjugations: Marriage and Form in New Bollywood Cinema, by Sangita Gopal (University of Chicago Press, 2011)
The Powerful Ephemeral: Everyday Healing in an Ambiguously Islamic Place, by Carla Bellamy (University of California Press, 2011)
Body of Victim, Body of Warrior: Refugee Families and the Making of Kashmiri Jihadists, by Cabeiri deBergh Robinson (University of California Press, 2013)
Body of Victim, Body of Warrior
REFUGEE FAMILIES AND THE MAKING OF KASHMIRI JIHADISTS
Cabeiri deBergh Robinson
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
BERKELEY LOS ANGELES LONDON
University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu.
University of California Press
Berkeley and Los Angeles, California
University of California Press, Ltd.
London, England
© 2013 by The Regents of the University of California
Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file with the Library of Congress
ISBN 978-0-520-27420-4—ISBN 978-0-520-27421-1
eISBN 9780520954540
Manufactured in the United States of America
22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
In keeping with a commitment to support environmentally responsible and sustainable printing practices, UC Press has printed this book on Rolland Enviro100, a 100% post-consumer fiber paper that is FSC certified, deinked, processed chlorine-free, and manufactured with renewable biogas energy. It is acid-free and EcoLogo certified.
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations
List of Abbreviations
Note on Names, Transliteration, and Photographs
Preface: The Kashmir Dispute and the Conflicts Within Conflict Ethnography
Acknowledgments
Introduction: The Social Production of Jihād
PART ONE
BETWEEN HIJARAT AND JIHĀD IN AZAD KASHMIR
1 • Between War and Refuge in Jammu and Kashmir: Displacement, Borders, and the Boundaries of Political Belonging
2 • Protective Migration and Armed Struggle: Political Violence and the Limits of Victimization in Islam
PART TWO
THE HISTORICAL EMERGENCE OF KASHMIRI REFUGEES AS POLITICAL SUBJECTS
3 • Forging Political Identities, 1947–1988: The South Asian Refugee Regime and Refugee Resettlement Villages
4 • Transforming Political Identities, 1989–2001: Refugee Camps in Azad Jammu and Kashmir and the International Refugee Regime
PART THREE
BODY OF VICTIM, BODY OF WARRIOR
5 • Human Rights and Jihād: Victimization and the Sovereignty of the Body
6 • The Mujāhid as Family-Man: Sex, Death, and the Warrior’s (Im)pure Body
Conclusion: From Muhājir to Mujāhid to Jihādī in the Global Order of Things
Postscript: And, “Humanitarian Jihād”
Notes
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
MAPS
| 1. | The Former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir (2012). | |
| 2. | The Azad State of Jammu and Kashmir (2001). | |
| 3. | The Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir (1946). | |
| 4. | The Divided Territories of Jammu and
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