universities formed the backbone of the organization. Masatoshi Nakayama, a graduate of Takushoku University who had studied Chinese fighting arts in Beijing, was appointed chief instructor. (At the time of this writing, Nakayama is still serving in this capacity at the Japan Karate Association. At the age of 69, he holds the 9th dan rank.)
The newly founded Japan Karate Association was not, however, without its troubles, mostly based upon old college rivalries. Many of the college alumni clubs, including the Keio University group, quit. Even amid these difficulties, though, the Japanese Ministry of Education sanctioned the Japan Karate Association as an educational institution in 1957. That year, the Association held the first All-Japan Karate Championships, which have since become an annual event.
An important school of karate separate from the "big four" schools mentioned so far is the Kyokushinkai karate system, organized by Masutatsu Oyama in 1957. Oyama, a Korean whose real name is Yong I-choi, was born near Gunsan, Korea, in 1922. In 1938 he left home for Japan, where he studied Shotokan karate under Gichin Funakoshi. He then switched to Goju-ryu under Neichu Sou. At this time he heads the Kyokushinkai karate system, which has branches throughout the world.
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