href="#litres_trial_promo">The Qur’anic Disciplines What is Meant by Qur’anic Disciplines
3. How to Know the Reasons for Revelation
4. Reasons for Revelation, Life and the Qur’an in General
1. The Established Basis for Distinguishing Makkan and Madinan Revelations
2. The Criteria of Makkan and Madinan Revelations
3. Misconceptions about these Distinctions
1. Types of Openings of Qur’anic Surahs
2. Patterns of Openings with Separate Letters
3. Best Known Views Explaining the Separate Letters
The Variant Recitals of the Qur’an
1. How the Discipline of Variant Recitals Started
2. The Definition and Number of Variant Recitals
3. The Criteria for Acceptability of Variants
5. The Status of the Discipline of Variant Recitals
2. The Concept of Abrogation and its Validity
3. Abrogation or Re-Initiation
4. The Abrogation of Earlier Codes of Law, but No Abrogation in the Qur’an
5. Abrogation as a Means of Education
6. The Special Status of the Generation that Received Revelation
