1812. Adam Zamoyski

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      1812

      Napoleon’s Fatal March on Moscow

      ADAM ZAMOYSKI

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       Copyright

      Harper Perennial

      An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers 1 London Bridge Street London SE1 9GF www.harpercollins.co.uk

      This edition published by Harper Perennial 2005

      FIRST EDITION

      First published by HarperCollinsPublishers 2004

      Copyright © Adam Zamoyski 2004

      Adam Zamoyski asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work

      A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

      All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this ebook on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.

      This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.

      Some images were unavailable for the electronic edition.

      HarperCollinsPublishers has made every reasonable effort to ensure that any picture content and written content in this ebook has been included or removed in accordance with the contractual and technological constraints in operation at the time of publication.

      Ebook Edition © JULY 2012 ISBN 9780007381067

       Version: 2019-10-14

       Maps

      Europe in 1811

      Russia’s expansion in the west, 1772–1812

      The Russian Armies of the West

      French and Russian dispositions in June 1812

      The French advance

      The advance to Vitebsk

      The Rudnia offensive and Napoleon’s Smolensk manoeuvre

      The battle for Smolensk

      Lubino – Valutina Gora

      The Russian positions at Borodino

      Borodino. The morning attacks

      Borodino. The final assault

      Kutuzov’s retreat from Moscow

      Maloyaroslavets

      The retreat

      The view from Smolensk

      Krasny, 15–16 November

      Krasny, 16 November

      Krasny, 17–19 November

      The closing trap, 21 November

      The Berezina manoeuvre

      The Berezina crossing

      The strategic situation at the beginning of December

      Statistical chart showing the outward march and retreat of all the forces which crossed the Niemen

       Contents

       Cover

       Title Page

       7 The Rubicon

       8 Vilna

       9 Courteous War

       10 The Heart of Russia

       11 Total War

       12 Kutuzov

       13 The Battle for

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