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THE CHRYSANTHEMUM AND THE EAGLE
THE CHRYSANTHEMUM AND THE EAGLE
THE FUTURE OF U.S.—JAPAN RELATIONS
RYUZO SATO
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS
New York and London
Copyright © 1994 by New York University
All rights reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Satō, Ryūzō, 1931-
[Kiku to washi. English]
The chrysanthemum and the eagle : the future of U.S.–Japan
relations / Ryūzō Satō.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8147-7971-9 (alk. paper)
1. United States—Relations—Japan. 2. Japan—Relations—United
States. I. Title
E183.8.J3S2413 1994
303.48’273052—dc20 93-33592
CIP
New York University Press books are printed on acid-free paper,
and their binding materials are chosen for strength and durability.
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
2. Conflicting Views of the Role of Government
3. The Anatomy of U.S.–Japanese Antagonisms
4. In Some Ways Japan Really Is Odd
5. Is a Pax Japonica Possible?
PREFACE
Several years ago when reporters asked Crown Prince Naruhito to describe the qualities he was looking for in a future wife, he replied, “I want to marry someone who has the same sense of values that I have.”
Although the concept of values is taken very seriously in both the United States and Europe, it has attracted little public attention in Japan until recently. Even the expression that means “values” in Japanese is not very old. If we think about it, however, frictions are bound to arise in any relationship—be it a marriage or a relationship between two countries—if the two partners have major differences in priorities, in the things that each side considers important in their lives. If partners don’t share similar values, they will have to spend enormous amounts of energy reaching an agreement.
When my book The Chrysanthemum and the Eagle first came out in Japanese, George Bush was president of the United States. In 1994, Bill Clinton resides in the White House, and Morihisa Hosokawa is Japan’s prime minister. Much has been made of the fact that this is the first Democratic administration in twelve years and that Clinton is the youngest president since John Kennedy. But more important than these superficial changes is the change in values they represent. An understanding of these values is likely to be crucial for understanding the personality of the Clinton administration and may also offer insights that will help us predict the future direction of U.S.–Japanese relations.
President Clinton has been described as a rare individual who was elected despite public misgivings about his avoidance of the draft, use of marijuana, and marital infidelity. Considering that twenty or thirty years ago the presidential hopes of men like Adlai Stevenson and Nelson Rockefeller were blighted merely because they were divorced, the criteria for judging the qualities American voters are looking for in their political leaders have clearly undergone a major change. American values have changed with the times.
If the key words of the Clinton administration are “values for a new generation,” how will this be reflected in U.S.–Japanese relations? First, this administration will not be bound by ideology or labels, but will be results-oriented. This will mean a tougher policy toward process-oriented Japan—Japan will be told to show results and not try to get by with explanations or excuses. Furthermore, the participation of women in public affairs will be greater than ever. Barbara Bush was famous for being a good wife in the traditional sense of the word, devoted to playing a supportive but clearly subordinate role to her husband. Hillary Rodham Clinton projects the image of the modern career woman with abilities and values of her own, who is capable of carving out a position for herself independent of her husband’s status or occupation. In that sense, the fact that career woman Masako Owada will one day become empress may provide the rest of the world with a new insight into Japan—the Japanese sense of values may not be quite so different as some people have tended to believe.
Apart from the much ballyhooed appointments of women and minorities to the cabinet, the new administration has no notable star players. Such a lineup is perhaps suited to the multifaceted operations it will have to undertake. Now that the
