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IOP Series in Emerging Technologies in Optics and Photonics
Series Editor
R Barry Johnson a Senior Research Professor at Alabama A&M University, has been involved for over 50 years in lens design, optical systems design, electro-optical systems engineering, and photonics. He has been a faculty member at three academic institutions engaged in optics education and research, employed by a number of companies, and provided consulting services.
Dr Johnson is an IOP Fellow, SPIE Fellow and Life Member, OSA Fellow, and was the 1987 President of SPIE. He serves on the editorial board of Infrared Physics & Technology and Advances in Optical Technologies. Dr Johnson has been awarded many patents, has published numerous papers and several books and book chapters, and was awarded the 2012 OSA/SPIE Joseph W Goodman Book Writing Award for Lens Design Fundamentals, Second Edition. He is a perennial co-chair of the annual SPIE Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering Conference.
Foreword
Until the 1960s, the field of optics was primarily concentrated in the classical areas of photography, cameras, binoculars, telescopes, spectrometers, colorimeters, radiometers, etc. In the late 1960s, optics began to blossom with the advent of new types of infrared detectors, liquid crystal displays (LCD), light emitting diodes (LED), charge coupled devices (CCD), lasers, holography, fiber optics, new optical materials, advances in optical and mechanical fabrication, new optical design programs, and many more technologies. With the development of the LED, LCD, CCD and other electo-optical devices, the term ‘photonics’ came into vogue in the 1980s to describe the science of using light in development of new technologies and the performance of a myriad of applications. Today, optics and photonics are truly pervasive throughout society and new technologies are continuing to emerge. The objective of this series is to provide students, researchers, and those who enjoy self-teaching with a wide-ranging collection of books that each focus on a relevant topic in technologies and application of optics and photonics. These books will provide knowledge to prepare the reader to be better able to participate in these exciting areas now and in the future. The title of this series is Emerging Technologies in Optics and Photonics where ‘emerging’ is taken to mean ‘coming into existence,’ ‘coming into maturity,’ and ‘coming into prominence.’ IOP Publishing and I hope that you find this Series of significant value to you and your career.
Stigmatic Optics
Rafael G González-Acuña
Tecnológico de Monterrey, Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
Héctor A Chaparro-Romo
Independent researcher, Alcanfores 8, Lazaro Cárdenas, Tultitlán 54916, Mexico
IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK
© IOP Publishing Ltd 2020
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Permission to make use of IOP Publishing content other than as set out above may be sought at [email protected].
Rafael G González-Acuña and Héctor A Chaparro-Romo have asserted their right to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
A supplementary Mathematica file is available at http://iopscience.iop.org/book/978-0-7503-3463-1.
ISBN 978-0-7503-3463-1 (ebook)
ISBN 978-0-7503-3461-7 (print)
ISBN 978-0-7503-3464-8 (myPrint)
ISBN 978-0-7503-3462-4 (mobi)
DOI 10.1088/978-0-7503-3463-1
Version: 20200901
IOP ebooks
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data: A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Published by IOP Publishing, wholly owned by The Institute of Physics, London
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In memory of
Jóse Angel Andrade Reyna
&
Daniela Andrade Reyna
Contents
1 The Maxwell equations
