ibidem-Press, Stuttgart
Contents
1. The Opium Wars and China’s Decline
China and the World before 1840
British Opium Smuggling and Lin Zexu’s Anti-Smuggling Endeavor
The Treaty of Nanjing and Its Aftermath
The Chinese Intellectuals’ Reaction and Solution
Social Changes in Post-War China
2. The Qing Government in Despair
The Taiping Rebellion and Its Socio-Political Experiments
The Aggressive Anglo-French Expedition Against China
Tsarist Russia: A Grabber of Chinese Lands
The Taiping Rebellion in Its Late Phase: Zeng Guofan and the Hunan Army
The Fall of the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace
Changes of the Central and Local Governments
The Self-Strengthening Movement (SSM)
Reformism in Its Initial Stages
Border Crises and the Sino-French War
Endless Incidents Involving Christian Missionaries
The Treaty of Shimonoseki and the Cession of Taiwan
4. Post-1895 China: Reform, Rebellion, and Revolution
Return of the Liao Dong Peninsula to China and the Imperialist Powers’ Rat Race in the Far East
China’s Sprouting National Capitalism
Sun Yat-sen and Early Revolutionaries
The Abortive 1898 Hundred Days’ Reform
The Boxer Uprising: A Chinese Peasants’ Patriotic Anti-Imperialistic Endeavor
The Aggressive Allied Forces of the Eight Powers and Qing’s Response
The Boxer Protocol and a Fully Semi-Colonized and Semi-Feudalized China
Qing’s New Policies and Ensuing Social Changes
The British Empire’s Invasion of Tibet and the Russo-Japanese Conflict in Northeast China
Tongmenghui and the Debates Involving Revolutionaries and Conservatives
Boycotting American Goods and Restoring China’s Rights
Building China’s Constitutional Monarchy
6. The 1911 Revolution: A Blend of Success and Failure
The Crisis-Ridden Qing
The Huanghuagang Uprising and Railway Protection Movement
Sun Yat-sen, President of the Nanjing Provisional Government
The Collapse of Qing and the Rise of Yuan Shikai
7. China at Its Lowest Ebb: The Rule of the Beiyang Warlords
Yuan Shikai and Sun Yat-sen
The Rapid Collapse of the Hongxian Reign
China under the Warlords’ Rule
The Growth of China’s National Capitalism and the Working Class
