are to consider the roles these kinds of intellectuals play in representing Wahhabism, we can say they are motivated and inspired by bringing attention to perceived injustices and wrongs with the ultimate aim of creating a more harmonious society.
Mannheim saw intellectuals as “not too firmly situated in the social order,” “socially unattached,” and as a part of an “unanchored, relatively class-less stratum.”19He believed intellectuals to be motivated and inspired by a desire to encourage mutual understanding between different sections and groups in society or as he puts it, “to create a form outside of the party schools in which the perspective of and the interest in the whole is safeguarded.”20 He believed intellectuals were entrusted with the responsibility of making sense of the current political situation for society and he saw nonintellectuals as those members of society who are firmly entrenched and participating in everyday activities. Mannheim believed that the common person, due to their relative lack of education, was incapable of having a deeper understanding of the different political forces operating and competing in society. He believed the common person absorbed a worldview as if by osmosis, “while the person who is not oriented toward the whole through his education, but rather participates directly in the social process of production, merely tends to absorb the Weltanschauung [worldview] of that particular group.”21
Mannheim, however, was extremely worried that intellectuals in the twentieth century were not living up to their responsibilities and were instead promoting the interests of particular groups, to the detriment of wider society. Chomsky expresses a similar concern about intellectuals, especially Western intellectuals in the twenty-first century whose relative “political liberty, from access to information and freedom of expression” means they have the responsibility “to seek the truth lying hidden behind the veil of distortion and misrepresentation, ideology and class interest, through which the events of current history are presented to us.”22
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