94
103 95
104 96
105 97
106 98
107 99
108 106
109 107
110 108
111 109
112 110
113 111
114 112
115 113
116 114
117 115
118 116
119 117
Rent
Joe Collins
polity
Copyright Page
Copyright © Joe Collins 2022
The right of Joe Collins to be identified as Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published in 2022 by Polity Press
Polity Press
65 Bridge Street
Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK
Polity Press
101 Station Landing
Suite 300
Medford, MA 02155, USA
All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.
ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-3905-5
ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-3906-2 (pb)
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2021941064
by Fakenham Prepress Solutions, Fakenham, Norfolk NR21 8NL
The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate.
Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition.
For further information on Polity, visit our website: politybooks.com
Dedication
For Kellie West
Acknowledgements
This short book was hard to write. So hard that it needed to be written twice. I am indebted to the many people who helped to transform a loose set of reflections on rent into what is hopefully a useful resource for demystifying capitalism with its rentier inflection.
Many thanks to George Owers and two anonymous readers for sharp and thorough comments on a chaotic first draft. Reader 2, who typically gets a bad rap, gets special mention for a fair and tough appraisal that continues to offer much food for thought. Thanks, also, to Julia Davies for patiently guiding a novice author through the publication process of his first book. Gail Ferguson’s expert copyediting is much appreciated. So, too, is the professionalism of Evie Deavall, Sue Duncan, Neil de Cort and the rest of the Polity crew responsible for producing this book.
Sounding boards that helped shape thinking about rent over years are too many to name but chats with Beck Pearse, Humphrey McQueen, Claire Parfitt, Bruce McFarlane, Emma To, Peter Curtis, Liz Humphrys, Troy Henderson, Adam Morton, Frank Stilwell, Ben Moody, Franklin Obeng-Odoom, Bill Dunn, Chris Fletcher, Mike Beggs, Ryan Jory, Bill Kolios and Gareth Bryant directly informed the chapters below. Thank you, comrades. To the students and colleagues in the political economy movement at Sydney, your influence on the ideas in context explored in this book is immense and treasured.
The invisible work of many hands making and remaking our daily lives is so important and seldom acknowledged. To this end, I am grateful most of all to my family, Kellie, Matilda and Chips, for their unwavering support and encouragement without which this book could not have been written. Kellie, this book is dedicated to you because you more than anyone has helped me grapple with contradiction, class, land and value – the very essence of rent. I love you all and thank you for your patience and understanding during the struggle to finish this thing. Thanks, too, Bill, Amy, Julie, Dave, Kim, Mike, Taylor, Jamie, Jason, Jenny and Jimmy for all the help along the way.
It goes without saying that anything of use in what follows is owed to the collaborative efforts of those listed above while any errors of fact or interpretation are mine alone.
1 What is Rent?
The word ‘rent’ first appeared in English around the twelfth century. In this original usage, rent meant income received by landlords and paid by tenants for the use of land. The word probably came from the French rente, meaning income, derived from the Latin, rendere, meaning to give back or give up.1 The word ‘land’ was used synonymously in this context with the things that could be done with land, like housing and farming. Rent was therefore taken to mean the periodical payment by tenants to landlords for the use of land and for what could be done on and with the land. One interesting connection is to the word ‘farm’, which meant ‘payment as rent’ in thirteenth-century English. Its Latin root is firmare, meaning ‘to fix.’2 There appear to be instances where the word ‘rent’ was used to mean tax in reference to various forms of property, but these were rare compared to the usage of the term to refer to the income derived from ownership of land. These discrepancies may well come down to the fact that in order for something to be given back, rendere, it first needed to be rent, torn apart, from its possessor. Rent as payment for the use of land remained its dominant meaning until the late nineteenth century.
It is around the 1880s that the word ‘rent’ begins to be used to refer to things besides land and its associated uses. Economists
