style="font-size:15px;"> «Не облизывай гостей.»
«Не храпи.»
Это было трудно, но Драджо был готов делать все, что скажет его хозяин, тем более, если у него в лапе была какая-нибудь вкусняшка.
Вчера Куджо начал учить своего питомца собачьему языку, а сегодня Драджо уже знал 100 слов!
Unit 2
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Настоящее совершенное длительное время
This tense is used:
• for actions which started in the past and continue up to the present.
They have been playing «catch me, Monster’ since early morning. (They’re still playing.)
• for past actions of certain duration which have visible results or effects, in the present.
– Kudjo is very tired. He has been teaching his pet all day long.
• to express irritation, anger, annoyance, explanation or criticism.
– Who has been eating my treats? (showing anger)
• to put emphasis on duration, usually with for, since or how long.
– I’ve been teaching him since yesterday.
• The form is: Subject + have / has been + verb -ing.
– Kudjo has been trying to feed his pet since the morning.
EXERCISE 1
Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect Continuous:
1 Dradjo /protect/ Kudjo’s sleep since lunch.
2 Kudjo /train/ Dradjo for three months.
3 Why are you so wet? – I /run/ in the rain.
4 Kudjo and Dradjo /live/ together for a few months.
5 Drajo /learn/ Doggish since Monday.
6 They /watch/a sci-fi movie about dragons for an hour.
the question form is:
(Question word) +have/has + subject + been Ving?
How long has Kudjo been sleeping?
the negative form is: Subject + have / has + not + been + Ving.
Drajo hasn’t been calling Kudjo as Mummy since their first training.
EXERCISE 2
Find the proper verb and put it into the correct Present Perfect Continuous form: relax, do, live, wander, gnaw, eat, look for
1 What you ***** in the attic since the morning? – I’ve been ***** a mouse-trap.
2 How long you ***** this bone? – I’ve been doing it for two days.
3 I ***** since yesterday. I’m as hungry as a hunter.
4 Where you ***** all day?
5 We ***** for ages. We must recharge our batteries.
6 How long *****in this house on your own? – Since last summer.
EXERCISE 3
Kudjo has found several things that made him annoyed. Try to guess the question he is asking:
For example,
The mat is covered in bread crumbles. – Who has been eating sandwiches on my mat?!
1 The fridge is half-empty. —
2 The toy is broken. —
3 The floor is dirty. —
4 The house looks messy. —
5 There’s a lot of water on the floor in the bathroom. —
6 There is smoke coming out of the kitchen. —
The main signal words for this tense are since, for, how long, all day /week, month, year/ long.
EXERCISE 4
Put correct signal words in the gaps:
1 Kudjo has been trying to find out anything about Dradjo’s family ***** several months.
2 ***** has Dradjo been living with Kudjo?
3 Kudjo has been sleeping ***** lunch.
4 Kudjo has been lying and reading ***** an hour.
5 ***** have they been frolicking outside?
6 They have been doing monkey-business *****..
EXERCISE 5
Answer the questions using Present Perfect Continuous:
For example,
Dradjo looks excited. Why? — He has been looking forward to the trip to the cave.
1 Kudjo is tired. Why?
2 Dradjo is filthy. Why?
3 There is a nice smell from the kitchen. Why?
4 Kudjo looks worried. Why?
5 Kudjo sounds angry. Why?
6 Dradjo is sleepy. Why?
