1
History of Rome, Mommsen, Dickson’s trans., i. 288, 290.
2
History of Rome, Niebuhr, Hare’s trans., i. 576. Niebuhr has been followed in the text, although the “nexum” is one of the vexed points of Roman law. (See Über das altrömische Schuldrecht, Savigny.) The precise form of the contract is, however, perhaps, not very important for the matter in hand, as most scholars seem agreed that it resembled a mortgage, the breach of whose condition involved not only the loss of the pledge, but the personal liberty of the debtor. See Gaius, iv. 21.
3
History of Rome, Niebuhr, Hare’s trans., ii. 599. But compare Aulus Gellius, xx. 1.
5
History of Rome, Niebuhr, Hare’s trans., i. 583.
6
History of Rome, Mommsen, Dickson’s trans., i. 472.
8
History of Rome, Niebuhr, Hare’s trans., i. 583.
10
History of Rome, Niebuhr, Hare’s trans., i. 574.
12
History of Rome, Mommsen, Dickson’s trans., i. 484.
13
See History of Rome, Mommsen, Dickson’s trans., i. 298–9.
14
See History of Rome, Niebuhr, Hare’s trans., iii. 22, 30.
15
Preface to Virginia, Macaulay.
16
Histoire de l’Esclavage, Wallon, ii. 38.
18
Tacitus, Ann., ii. 48.
22
L’Invasion Germanique, Fustel de Coulanges, 146–157.
23
Diod. xxxiv. 38. On the subject of the Sicilian slavery, see Histoire de l’Esclavage, Wallon, ii. 300 et seq.
24
Polybius, ii. 15, Shuckburgh’s trans.
25
Provinces of the Roman Empire, Mommsen, ii. 233.
27
Deipnosophists, v. 37.
28
Martial, Ep., xii. 76.
29
Vopiscus, Aurelianus, 35.
30
L’Invasion Germanique, Fustel de Coulanges, 190.
31
Le Colonat Romain: Recherches sur quelques Problèmes d’Histoire, Fustel de Coulanges, 143.
32
Organisation Financière chez les Romains, Marquardt, 65 et seq.
33
Tacitus, Ann., Murphy’s trans., iii. 53.
35
Vopiscus, Saturninus, 8.
36
Provinces of the Roman Empire, Mommsen, ii. 140.
38
See Geschichte des Römischen Münzwesens, Mommsen, 756.
39
Monnaies Byzantines, Sabatier, i. 51, 52.
40
Monnaies Byzantines, Sabatier, i. 50.
41
Geschichte des Römischen Münzwesens, Mommsen, 837.
42
Monnaies Byzantines, Sabatier, i. 51, 52.
43
Pliny’s Letters, iii. 19.
45
Digest, xix. 2, 15, and xxxiii. 7, 20.
46
Letters, x. 24. On this whole subject see Le Colonat Romain: Recherches sur quelques Problèmes d’Histoire, Fustel de Coulanges, ch. i.
47
Code of Justinian, xi. 51, 1.
Certainly he was the last of a famous line which began at Bagdad three centuries earlier; and Hauréau, in describing the great period of Saint Thomas at Paris, dwelt upon the debt Western learning owed to the Saracens.