Social Origins and Primal Law. Lang Andrew

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and by totem Cat, marries a woman, by phratry Emu, and by totem Grub, their children are Emu Grubs. There are thus Grubs in both phratries, a thing that never occurs (except among the Arunta). Therefore the division of the totem kins, some into one phratry, others into the other, is not automatic. There might be a tendency, by way of making assurance doubly sure, for the totem kins to be assorted into the two phratries, but some kind of deliberate arrangement does seem necessary. The same necessity attends Dr. Durkheim's theory later criticised.

90

See again Durkheim, in L'Année Sociologique, i. 47-57, on the superstition as to blood, and the totem as a sacred representative of the inviolable blood of the kindred. That superstition gives religious sanction to a pre-existing exogamous tendency.

91

Totemism, p. 60 (1889).

92

Totemism, p. 62.

93

The people of New Britain group of islands are divided into two exogamous sets. The totems of these classes are two insects, but I incline to suppose that there are, or may have been, totem kins included within these totemic classes. Our informant, the Rev. B. Danks, regrets that he did not pay more attention to these matters. J. A. I. xviii. 281-294.

94

On the other hand, among the Mohegans, I can admit that Little Turtle, Mud Turtle, and Great Turtle may be deliberate subdivisions of the Turtle totem, now a phratry, but even this need not necessarily be the case; the different species of turtles being quite capable of giving names to different totems. I would not deny the possibility of the occasional segmentation of a totem group – far from it – but I doubt whether great tribes originally (and, as it seems, deliberately) first bisected themselves, and then cut up the two main divisions.

95

My italics.

96

J. A. I., N.S. i. 278.

97

Ibid. p. 282.

98

Mr. Mathews counts thirty-four totems in the Dilbi, and as many in the Rupathin 'phratries.' Proc. Ray. Soc. N.S.W. xxxi. 157-158.

99

J. A. I., N.S. i. 284-285.

100

Studies in Ancient History, second series, p. 605.

101

Local totem groups, in my theory.

102

Brough Smyth, Aborigines of Victoria, i. 423-424.

103

On the Organisation of Australian Tribes, p. 186.

104

I know that many students will decline to admit that there is such a myth of a Maker.

105

Report of Bureau of Ethnology, 1892-1893, pt. i. pp. 32-43.

106

Natives of Central Australia, pp. 12-15.

107

Ibid. pp. 15, 421-422, also p. 272.

108

Here I dissent from Mr. Frazer and Messrs. Spencer and Gillen; the point is discussed later.

109

Fortnightly Review, June 1889.

110

In 1895, J. A. I. xxiv., no. 4, p. 371, Mr. Fison abandons hope of a certain discovery of the origin of exogamy.

111

Fortnightly Review, April, May, 1899.

112

Spencer and Gillen, pp. 68, 69, 121.

113

Ibid. p. 70.

114

Ibid. p. 10.

115

See 'The Origin of Totemism,' infra.

116

L'Année Sociologique, 1900-1901, pp. 82-121.

117

Ibid. v. 89-90.

118

Totemism, p. 83.

119

L'Année Sociologique, v. 92.

120

Spencer and Gillen, p. 419.

121

J. A. I., N.S., i. 285.

122

Spencer and Gillen, p. 120.