I saw Theorus,7 who had the head of a crow. The Alcibiades said to me in his lisping way, "Do you thee? Theoruth hath a crow'th head."8
SOSIAS. Ah! 'twas very well lisped indeed!
XANTHIAS. This is might strange; Theorus turning into a crow!
SOSIAS. No, it is glorious.
XANTHIAS. Why?
SOSIAS. Why? He was a man and now he has suddenly become a crow; does it not foretoken that he will take his flight from here and go to the crows?9
XANTHIAS. Interpreting dreams so aptly certainly deserves two obols.10
SOSIAS. Come, I must explain the matter to the spectators. But first a few words of preamble: expect nothing very high-flown from us, nor any jests stolen from Megara;11 we have no slaves, who throw baskets of nuts12 to the spectators, nor any Heracles to be robbed of his dinner,13 nor is Euripides loaded with contumely; and despite the happy chance that gave Cleon his fame14 we shall not go out of our way to belabour him again. Our little subject is not wanting in sense; it is well within your capacity and at the same time cleverer than many vulgar Comedies.—We have a master of great renown, who is now sleeping up there on the other story. He has bidden us keep guard over his father, whom he has locked in, so that he may not go out. This father has a curious complaint; not one of you could hit upon or guess it, if I did not tell you.—Well then, try! I hear Amynias, the son of Pronapus, over there, saying, "He is addicted to gambling."
XANTHIAS. He's wrong! He is imputing his own malady to others.
SOSIAS. No, yet love is indeed the principal part of his disease. Ah! here is Sosias telling Dercylus, "He loves drinking."
XANTHIAS. Not at all! The love of wine is the complaint of good men.
SOSIAS. "Well then," says Nicostratus of the Scambonian deme, "he either loves sacrifices or else strangers."
XANTHIAS. Ah! great gods! no, he is not fond of strangers, Nicostratus, for he who says "Philoxenus" means a dirty fellow.15
SOSIAS. 'Tis mere waste of time, you will not find it out. If you want to know it, keep silence! I will tell you our master's complaint: of all men, it is he who is fondest of the Heliaea.16 Thus, to be judging is his hobby, and he groans if he is not sitting on the first seat. He does not close an eye at night, and if he dozes off for an instant his mind flies instantly to the clepsydra.17 He is so accustomed to hold the balloting pebble, that he awakes with his three fingers pinched together18 as if he were offering incense to the new moon. If he sees scribbled on some doorway, "How charming is Demos,19 the son of Pyrilampes!" he will write beneath it, "How charming is Cemos!"20 His cock crowed one evening; said he, "He has had money from the accused to awaken me too late."21 As soon as he rises from supper he bawls for his shoes and away he rushes down there before dawn to sleep beforehand, glued fast to the column like an oyster.22 He is a merciless judge, never failing to draw the convicting line23 and return home with his nails full of wax like a bumble-bee. Fearing he might run short of pebbles24 he keeps enough at home to cover a sea-beach, so that he may have the means of recording his sentence. Such is his madness, and all advice is useless; he only judges the more each day. So we keep him under lock and key, to prevent his going out; for his son is broken-hearted over this mania. At first he tried him with gentleness, wanted to persuade him to wear the cloak no longer,25 to go out no more; unable to convince him, he had him bathed and purified according to the ritual26 without any greater success, and then handed him over the the Corybantes;27 but the old man escaped them, and carrying off the kettle-drum,28 rushed right into the midst of the Heliasts. As Cybelé could do nothing with her rites, his son took him again to Aegina and forcibly made him lie one night in the temple of Asclepius, the God of Healing, but before daylight there he was to be seen at the gate of the tribunal. Since then we let him go out no more, but he escaped us by the drains or by the skylights, so we stuffed up every opening with old rags and made all secure; then he drove short sticks into the wall and sprang from rung to rung like a magpie. Now we have stretched nets all round the court and we keep watch and ward. The old man's name is Philocleon,29 'tis the best name he could have, and the son is called Bdelycleon,30 for he is a man very fit to cure an insolent fellow of his boasting.
BDELYCLEON. Xanthias! Sosias! Are you asleep?
XANTHIAS. Oh! oh!
SOSIAS. What is the matter?
XANTHIAS. Why, Bdelycleon is rising.
BDELYCLEON. Will neither of you come here? My father has got into the stove-chamber and is ferreting about like a rat in his hole. Take care he does not escape through the bath drain. You there, put all your weight against the door.
SOSIAS. Aye, aye, master.
BDELYCLEON. By Zeus! what is that noise in the chimney? Hullo! who are you?
PHILOCLEON. I am the smoke going up.
BDELYCLEON. Smoke? smoke of what wood?
PHILOCLEON. Of fig-wood.31
BDELYCLEON. Ah! 'this the most acrid of all. But you shall not get out. Where is the chimney cover?32 Come down again. Now, up with another cross-bar. Now look out some fresh dodge. But am I not the most unfortunate of men? Henceforward, I shall only be called the son of the smoky old man. Slave, hold the door stoutly, throw your weight upon it, come, put heart into the work. I will come and help you. Watch both lock and bolt. Take care he does not gnaw through the peg.
PHILOCLEON. What are you dong, you wretches? Let me go out; it is imperative that I go and judge, or Dracontides will be acquitted.
BDELYCLEON. What a dreadful calamity for you!
PHILOCLEON. Once at Delphi, the god, whom I was consulting, foretold, that if an accused man escaped me, I should die of consumption.
BDELYCLEON. Apollo, the Saviour, what a prophecy!
PHILOCLEON. Ah! I beseech you, if you do not want my death, let me go.
BDELYCLEON. No, Philocleon, no never, by Posidon!
PHILOCLEON. Well then, I shall gnaw through the net33 with my teeth.
BDELYCLEON. But you have no teeth.
PHILOCLEON. Oh!
A tool of Cleon's; he had been sent on an embassy to Persia (
In his life of Alcibiades, Plutarch mentions this defect in his speech; or it may have been a 'fine gentleman' affectation.
Among the Greeks,
No doubt the fee generally given to the street diviners who were wont to interpret dreams.
Coarse buffoonery was welcomed at Megara, where, by the by, it is said that Comedy had its birth.
To gain the favour of the audience, the Comic poets often caused fruit and cakes to be thrown to them.
The gluttony of Heracles was a constant subject of jest with the Comic poets.
The incident of Pylos (see 'The Knights').
The Greek word for
The tribunal of the Heliasts came next in dignity only to the Areopagus. The dicasts, or jurymen, generally numbered 500; at times it would call in the assistance of one or two other tribunals, and the number of judges would then rise to 1000 or even 1500.
A water-clock, used in the courts for limiting the time of the pleaders.
The pebble was held between the thumb and two fingers, in the same way as one would hold a pinch of incense.
A young Athenian of great beauty, also mentioned by Plato in his 'Gorgias.' Lovers were font of writing the name of the object of their adoration on the walls (see 'The Acharnians').
[Greek: K_emos], the Greek term for the funnel-shaped top of the voting urn, into which the judges dropped their voting pebbles.
Racine has introduced this incident with some modification into his 'Plaideurs.'
Although called
The juryman gave his vote for condemnation by tracing a line horizontally across a waxed tablet. This was one method in use; another was by means of pebbles placed in one or other of two voting urns.
Used for the purpose of voting. There were two urns, one for each of the two opinions, and each heliast placed a pebble in one of them.
The Heliast's badge of office.
To prepare him for initiation into the mysteries of the Corybantes.
Who pretended to cure madness; they were priests of Cybelé.
The sacred instrument of the Corybantes.
The smoke of fig-wood is very acrid, like the character of the Heliasts.
Used for closing the chimney, when needed.
Which had been stretched all round the courtyard to prevent his escape.
