do. Sirtuins are a family of age-related proteins. The main role of sirtuins is to selectively regulate the activity of key genes responsible for metabolism and cell defence:
1 Increase fat metabolism, burning more calories from fat
It has been shown that SIRT activation shifts metabolism away from using glucose as an energy source, favouring fat synthesis.
2 Reduce insulin response
The hormone Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) is proven to decrease as SIRT genes are activated. IGF-1 is produced in the liver and is similar to insulin. Its purpose in the body is to make cells grow and produce new cells. When levels of IGF-1 decrease, our body produces few new cells and concentrates on repairing old ones. This state of ‘repair’ is very beneficial as it slows down the ageing process.
3 Fight inflammation
Through their powerful antioxidant effect, sirtuins reduce oxidative stress, which has positive repercussions for cardiovascular protection and heart health.
HOW DO SIRTUINS HELP YOU LOSE WEIGHT?
Triggering your SIRT genes sparks a change in your meta-
bolism that breaks down more fat cells. The activated SIRTs increase the amount of a neurotransmitter called norepinephrine, which is used by the nervous system as a signal to fat cells, telling them to break down fat. The signal telling the fat cell to convert fat to energy is stronger, increasing fat burning.
Want to burn more fat?
Drink green tea. Green tea combines SIRT activators and a (small) dose of caffeine. The caffeine enhances the effect of the SIRTs, meaning more fat is broken down.
Natural appetite suppressant effect
When the body breaks down fat, the fat is converted into energy. This energy is used immediately by the body. This has a positive effect on how you feel, giving your energy levels a boost and decreasing hunger.
Converting fat to muscle
Combining SIRTs with exercise boosts the fat-burning effect even further. If you exercise the energy released from fat cells is available for strengthening muscles.
In practice this means that if you follow the SIRT diet and exercise several times a week you will not only lose weight, but you will look and feel leaner as some of the weight has been converted into muscle.
For absolute peak fat-burning performance when exercising, drink two cups of green tea (for the SIRTs and the caffeine) within one hour before or after exercise.
SIRT foods contain one (or more) of a very specific subset of bioactives. Bioactives are in turn part of a larger group of health-giving compounds called antioxidants. There are in fact seven substances that make up the SIRT food family, each of which activates the SIRTUIN genes. As with vitamins and minerals, a daily mix of different types gives the most benefit.
RESVERATROL
Perhaps the best known of the SIRT food family, resveratrol is a scientifically proven activator of the SIRT1 gene.
Found in: red wine, red grapes, chocolate
BERBERINE
Berberine is a trigger of the (normally) exercise-induced AMPK hormone. AMPK complements the SIRT family and activates the sirtuin genes.
Found in: turmeric
CATECHINS
Catechins are highly potent antioxidants that are strong triggers for the SIRT gene. Combining catechins with caffeine in green tea boosts the metabolic effects of both the catechins and the caffeine.
Found in: green tea
QUERCETIN
A versatile bioactive that can be found in most fruit and vegetables. The greatest concentration of quercetin is in red onions and parsley.
Found in: onions, apples, parsley, pomegranate
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS
Try and eat oily fish at least once a week to get these essential fats, which the body can’t make itself.
Found in: salmon, trout, mackerel
KAEMPFEROL
The ‘leafy greens’ bioactive. But can also be found in tea, leeks and strawberries. Eat as much of it as you can.
Found in: kale, broccoli, spinach
HYDROXYTYROSOL
The only bioactive antioxidant that works throughout the whole body, including the central nervous system.
Found in: olives, olive oil
ISOFLAVONES
Bioactive found predominantly in soy and its derivatives. As well as antioxidant properties, isoflavones influence our reproductive hormones and can act as a preventative for menopausal symptoms.
Found in: soya beans and tofu
It is important to understand that all of these SIRT foods contain not just one but a range of activators, each having different effects. The science behind how all the activators work together is only just beginning to be understood. By eating a large variety of these foods and eating them consistently and often, we can optimise our sirtuin genes and get the best results.
WHY NOT JUST TAKE A SUPPLEMENT?
There are various studies taking place right now, testing some, but not all, of the SIRT bioactives. Studies with concentrated resveratrol are ongoing but have yet to show the desired health improvements. This indicates that there are many aspects of the interaction of these compounds with our bodies that are not yet fully understood. The best approach is to take a variety of SIRTs within as many different, natural foodstuffs as possible.
THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET
The Mediterranean diet has long been synonymous with longevity and health. Ever since it was discovered that people living in the Mediterranean region had low rates of chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease, people have been trying to pinpoint the root of its success. Key foods in the Mediterranean diet such as olive oil, red wine and plenty of fruit and vegetables are also key foods in the SIRT diet. This is no coincidence. One of the reasons the Mediterranean diet is so successful is the prevalence of SIRT foods.
Why not take it one step further and look at other healthy national diets. One of the healthiest in the world is the Japanese diet. Here we think of oily fish, soy, seaweed and green tea. These are some of the most important SIRT foods.
Combine the Mediterranean and Japanese diets and we end up with perhaps the healthiest diet of all time: the SIRT Diet.
NATURAL,
