body in small amounts. Foods also contain only small amounts of ALA. Some studies have shown that, in people with type 2 diabetes, ALA may help the muscles use glucose more efficiently and may make tissues more sensitive to the insulin made by the body. Some studies have also found ALA to lessen the pain of diabetes nerve disease (neuropathy).
Chromium
Chromium is an essential trace mineral that the body needs to maintain normal blood glucose levels. Chromium is found in small amounts in foods like egg yolks, whole grains, and green vegetables. Chromium, in the form of chromium picolinate, may help lower blood glucose levels and improve blood lipids in people with type 2 diabetes who may be chromium-deficient; however, the research remains mixed. Chromium supplements are generally not recommended for people with diabetes at this time.
Cinnamon (the spice)
The active ingredient in cinnamon, hydroxychalcone, is thought to enhance the effectiveness of insulin and lower blood glucose. Several small studies have shown that significant amounts of cinnamon consumed per day can lower blood glucose levels; however, other research has shown no benefit. A 2008 report that analyzed a number of the studies together (meta-analysis) showed no significant benefits of cinnamon on glucose or lipid levels.
Fenugreek
Fenugreek is a legume (bean) found in India, North America, and the Mediterranean. It is used in Indian cooking and has been used for centuries as a remedy for high blood glucose levels. Like other legumes, it’s high in fiber and may lower blood glucose levels by slowing the rate at which foods with carbohydrate are broken down. It may also help the body make better use of glucose. Studies with fenugreek have been done in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes but have not generally proven its effectiveness.
Garlic
Garlic, a member of the lily family, is a common ingredient in cooking. As a dietary supplement it has been studied for several benefits, including antioxidant effects, lowering blood glucose by increasing the release of insulin, lowering blood pressure, and improving blood lipids. So far, the research on garlic’s benefits for people with diabetes is inconclusive.
American Ginseng
American ginseng is one of several species of ginseng plants, and most of the positive diabetes-related research about ginseng is with the American variety. The main benefit found in animal and human studies is that ginseng lowers blood glucose, possibly by slowing the breakdown of carbohydrate.
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