Oil and gas, as the main sources of global energy supply, have always been heavily influenced by political activities. Due to their fundamental importance to states, they were also often excluded from legal activities. The forecasts for 2035 allow us to expect that oil and gas will remain the dominant sources of the world’s primary energy.2 In the near future, reliable consumer access to oil and gas at reasonable prices will still be a key strategic value. For producing countries, oil and gas will remain important sources of income and key drivers for the growth of their economies. Examining the issues of global governance on oil and gas resources under international law is justified by the importance of these resources for the entire global community as the dominant sources of global primary energy.
The conceptualization of global governance issues has led to the emergence of the concept of a “regime complex” and then to exploring its temporal changes.3 This expression is described by a number of overlapping and non-hierarchical institutions regulating a given substantive area,4 and its conceptual scope is similar to the scope of the conceptual term “global governance architecture” defined as the superior system of public and private institutions that are important and active in a given sphere of world politics.5 World law is characterized by a dynamic multiplicity of operations, in the course of which parallel normative systems of different origins stimulate, interlock, and interfere with each other.6 However, they do not create uniform superior orders that would absorb their parts, but still coexist
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