• Juvenile diabetes mellitus (type I)
• Down’s syndrome
Treatment
• Conservative mechanical treatment or surgery.
• Systemic antibiotics, local antiseptics.
Desquamative Gingivitis
Definition
• Desquamative gingivitis is a relatively common clinical manifestation of various mucocutaneous diseases on the gingiva (a non-specific disease entity), with a well-defined clinical pattern.
Etiology
• The most common disorders that cause desquamative gingivitis are cicatricial pemphigoid, lichen planus, bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus, linear IgA disease and, rarely, other mucocutaneous diseases.
Occurrence in children
• Very rare.
Localization
• Buccal anterior gingiva of the maxilla and mandible.
• Usually localized and rarely generalized.
Clinical features
• Red gingiva, edematous with erosions (Figs. 6.7, 6.8).
• Characteristic desquamation of the epithelium or bleeding bullous formation after rubbing with the spatula.
• Painful gingiva during mastication and brushing.
• Rarely, bleeding. The disease has periods of remission and exacerbation.
• Searching for other signs and symptoms of the underlying disease is important for the diagnosis.
Laboratory examinations
• Histopathological examination.
• Direct immunofluorescence.
• Indirect immunofluorescence.
Differential diagnosis
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