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least notice of it to the world, but for the obligations they owed, as they thought, to truth.--Amicus Plato, my father would say, construing the words to my uncle Toby, as he went along, Amicus Plato; that is, Dinah was my aunt;--sed magis amica veritas--but Truth is my sister. This contrariety of humours betwixt my father and my uncle, was the source of many a fraternal squabble. The one could not bear to hear the tale of family disgrace recorded,--and the other would scarce ever let a day pass to an end without some hint at it. For God's sake, my uncle Toby would cry,--and for my sake, and for all our sakes, my dear brother Shandy,--do let this story of our aunt's and her ashes sleep in peace;--how can you,--how can you have so little feeling and compassion for the character of our family?--What is the character of a family to an hypothesis? my father would reply.--Nay, if you come to that--what is the life of a family?--The life of a family!--my uncle Toby would say, throwing himself back in his arm chair, and lifting up his hands, his eyes, and one leg--Yes, the life,--my father would say, maintaining his point. How many thousands of 'em are there every year that come cast away, (in all civilized countries at least)--and considered as nothing but common air, in competition of an hypothesis. In my plain sense of things, my uncle Toby would answer,--every such instance is downright Murder, let who will commit it.--There lies your mistake, my father would reply;--for, in Foro Scientiae there is no such thing as Murder,--'tis only Death, brother. My uncle Toby would never offer to answer this by any other kind of argument, than that of whistling half a dozen bars of Lillebul-lero.--You must know it was the usual channel thro' which his passions got vent, when any thing shocked or surprized him:--but especially when any thing, which he deem'd very absurd, was offered. As not one of our logical writers, nor any of the commentators upon them, that I remember, have thought proper to give a name to this particular species of argument.--I here take the liberty to do it myself, for two reasons. First, That, in order to prevent all confusion in disputes, it may stand as much distinguished for ever, from every other species of argument--as the Argumentum ad Verecundiam, ex Absurdo, ex Fortiori, or any other argument whatsoever:--And, secondly, That it may be said by my children's children, when my head is laid to rest,--that their learn'd grandfather's head had been busied to as much purpose once, as other peo-ple's;--That he had invented a name, and generously thrown it into the Treasury of the Ars Logica, for one of the most unanswerable arguments in the whole science. And, if the end of disputation is more to silence than convince,--they may add, if they please, to one of the best arguments too. I do, therefore, by these presents, strictly order and command, That it be known and distinguished by the name and title of the 22 Argumentum Fistulatorium, and no other;--and that it rank hereafter with the Argumentum Baculinum and the Argumentum ad Crumenam, and for ever hereafter be treated of in the same chapter. As for the Argumentum Tripodium, which is never used but by the woman against the man;--and the Argumentum ad Rem, which, contrarywise, is made use of by the man only against the woman;--As these two are enough in conscience for one lecture;--and, moreover, as the one is the best answer to the other,--let them likewise be kept apart, and be treated of in a place by themselves. Chapter 1.XXII. The learned Bishop Hall, I mean the famous Dr. Joseph Hall, who was Bishop of Exeter in King James the First's reign, tells us in one of Decads, at the end of his divine art of meditation, imprinted at London, in the year 1610, by John Beal, dwelling in Alders-gate-street, 'That it is an abominable thing for a man to commend himself;'--and I really think it is so. And yet, on the other hand, when a thing is executed in a masterly kind of a fashion, which thing is not likely to be found out;--I think it is full as abominable, that a man should lose the honour of it, and go out of the world with the conceit of it rotting in his head. This is precisely my situation. For in this long digression which I was accidentally led into, as in all my digressions (one only excepted) there is a master-stroke of digressive skill, the merit of which has all along, I fear, been overlooked by my reader,--not for want of penetration in him,--but because 'tis an excellence seldom looked for, or expected indeed, in a digression;--and it is this: That tho' my digressions are all fair, as you observe,--and that I fly off from what I am about, as far, and as often too, as any writer in Great Britain; yet I constantly take care to order affairs so that my main business does not stand still in my absence. I was just going, for example, to have given you the great outlines of my uncle Toby's most whimsical character;--when my aunt Dinah and the coachman came across us, and led us a vagary some millions of miles into the very heart of the planetary system: Notwithstanding all this, you perceive that the drawing of my uncle Toby's character went on gently all the time;--not the great contours of it,--that was impossible,--but some familiar strokes and faint designations of it, were here and there touch'd on, as we went along, so that you are much better acquainted with my uncle Toby now than you was before. By this contrivance the machinery of my work is of a species by itself; two contrary motions are introduced into it, and reconciled, which were thought to be at variance with each other. In a word, my work is digressive, and it is progressive too,--and at the same time. This, Sir, is a very different story from that of the earth's moving round her axis, in her diurnal rotation, with her progress in her el-liptick orbit which brings about the year, and constitutes that variety and vicissitude of seasons we enjoy;--though I own it suggested the thought,--as I believe the greatest of our boasted improvements and discoveries have come from such trifling hints. Digressions, incontestably, are the sunshine;--they are the life, the soul of reading!--take them out of this book, for instance,--you might as well take the book along with them;--one cold eternal winter would reign in every page of it; restore them to the writer;-- he steps forth like a bridegroom,--bids All-hail; brings in variety, and forbids the appetite to fail. All the dexterity is in the good cookery and management of them, so as to be not only for the advantage of the reader, but also of the author, whose distress, in this matter, is truly pitiable: For, if he begins a digression,--from that moment, I observe, his whole work stands stock still;--and if he goes on with his main work,--then there is an end of his digression. --This is vile work.--For which reason, from the beginning of this, you see, I have constructed the main work and the adventi- tious parts of it with such intersections, and have so complicated and involved the digressive and progressive movements, one wheel within another, that the whole machine, in general, has been kept a-going;--and, what's more, it shall be kept a-going these forty 23 years, if it pleases the fountain of health to bless me so long with life and good spirits. Chapter 1.XXIII. I have a strong propensity in me to begin this chapter very nonsensically, and I will not balk my fancy.--Accordingly I set off thus: If the fixture of Momus's glass in the human breast, according to the proposed emendation of that arch-critick, had taken place,-- first, This foolish consequence would certainly have followed,--That the very wisest and very gravest of us all, in one coin or other, must have paid window-money every day of our lives. And, secondly, that had the said glass been there set up, nothing more would have been wanting, in order to have taken a man's character, but to have taken a chair and gone softly, as you would to a dioptrical bee-hive, and look'd in,--view'd the soul stark naked;-- observed all her motions,--her machinations;--traced all her maggots from their first engendering to their crawling forth;--watched her loose in her frisks, her gambols, her capricios; and after some notice of her more solemn deportment, consequent upon such frisks, &c.--then taken your pen and ink and set down nothing but what you had seen, and could have sworn to:--But this is an advantage not to be had by the biographer in this planet;--in the planet Mercury (belike) it may be so, if not better still for him;--for there the intense heat of the country, which is proved by computators, from its vicinity to the sun, to be more than equal to that of red-hot iron,--must, I think, long ago have vitrified the bodies of the inhabitants, (as the efficient cause) to suit them for the climate (which is the final cause;) so that betwixt them both, all the tenements of their souls, from top to bottom, may be nothing else, for aught the soundest philosophy can shew to the contrary, but one fine transparent body of clear glass (bating the umbilical knot)--so that, till the inhabitants grow old and tolerably wrinkled, whereby the rays of light, in passing through them, become so monstrously refracted,--or return reflected from their surfaces in such transverse lines to the eye, that a man cannot be seen through;--his soul might as well, unless for mere ceremony, or the trifling advantage which the umbilical point gave her,--might, upon all other accounts, I say, as well play the fool out o'doors as in her own house. But this, as I said above, is not the case of the inhabitants of this earth;--our minds shine not through the body, but are wrapt up here in a dark covering of uncrystalized flesh and blood; so that, if we would come to the specific characters of them, we must go some other way to work. Many, in good truth, are the ways, which human
