or affirmation. An auxiliary is a verb joined to the root or participles of a principal verb to express time and manner with greater precision than can be done by the tenses and moods in their simple form. Thus, the sentence, "I am writing an exercise; when I shall have finished it I shall read it to the class." has no meaning without the principal verbs writing, finished read; but the meaning is rendered more definite, especially with regard to time, by the auxiliary verbs am, have, shall.There are nine auxiliary or helping verbs, viz., Be, have, do, shall, will, may, can, ought, and must. They are called helping verbs,
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because it is by their aid the compound tenses are formed. TO BE
The verb To Be is the most important of the auxiliary verbs. It has eleven parts, viz., am, art, is, are, was, wast, were, wert; be, being
and been. VOICE
The active voice is that form of the verb which shows the Subject not being acted upon but acting; as, "The cat catches mice." "Charity covers a multitude of sins."
The passive voice: When the action signified by a transitive verb is thrown back upon the agent, that is to say, when the subject of
the verb denotes the recipient of the action, the verb is said to be in the passive voice. "John was loved by his neighbors." Here John the subject is also the object affected by the loving, the action of the verb is thrown back on him, hence the compound verb was loved is said to be in the passive voice. The passive voice is formed by putting the perfect participle of any transitive verb with any
of the eleven parts of the verb To Be. CONJUGATION
The conjugation of a verb is its orderly arrangement in voices, moods, tenses, persons and numbers. Here is the complete conjugation of the verb "Love"--Active Voice.
PRINCIPAL PARTS
Present Past Past Participle Love Loved Loved Infinitive Mood
To Love
Indicative Mood
PRESENT TENSE Sing. Plural
1st person I love We love
2nd person You love You love
3rd person He loves They love
PAST TENSE
Sing. Plural
1st person I loved We loved
2nd person You loved You loved
3rd person He loved They loved
FUTURE TENSE
Sing. Plural
1st person
I shall love
They will love
2nd person
You will love
You will love
3rd person
He will love
We shall love
[Transcriber's note: 1st person plural and 3rd person plural reversed in original]
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Sing. Plural
1st person I have loved We have loved
2nd person You have loved You have loved
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3rd person He has loved They have loved
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Sing. Plural
1st person
I had loved
We had loved
2nd person
You had loved
You had loved
3rd person
He had loved
They had loved
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Sing. Plural
1st person I shall have loved We shall have loved
2nd person You will have loved You will have loved
3rd person He will have loved They will have loved
Imperative Mood
(PRESENT TENSE ONLY)
Sing. Plural
2nd person Love (you) Love (you) Subjunctive Mood
PRESENT TENSE Sing. Plural
1st person If I love If we love
2nd person If you love If you love
3rd person If he love If they love
PAST TENSE
Sing. Plural
1st person If I loved If we loved
2nd person If you loved If you loved
3rd person If he loved If they loved
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Sing. Plural
1st person
If I have loved
If we have loved
2nd person
If you have loved
If you have loved
3rd person
If he has loved
If they have loved
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Sing. Plural
1st person
If I had loved
If we had loved
2nd
