Physical preparation. Every part of the body has to be prepared in order to eliminate the risk of injury resulting from harsh training. Preparatory exercises increase the intake of oxygen and stimulate the blood circulation. The muscular tissues are better irrigated and the combustion of glucose is more complete. This results in better elimination of the lactic acid resulting from the combustion of glucose and other carbon hydrates by oxygen. The muscles including the heart gain more strength and do not tire as easily. As the temperature of the body is increased, the muscles slip more easily into one another. This results in a gain of speed. The motor nerves of the body are also stimulated by better irrigation and chronaxy time is reduced, making reflexes more rapid.
As the joints are flexed, more oil is produced, reducing the risk of sprains. Every part of the body becomes better irrigated, stimulated, and more fit for training.
Preparatory exercises consist of general warming-up and loosening-up exercises as well as exercises more specific to karatedo. They may be performed either alone or with a partner. They should be neither too strenuous, to avoid any useless fatigue, nor too lax, in which case they are worthless. They should range from 5 to 10 minutes for an hour of karatedo practice and from 10 to 15 minutes for a two-hour practice.
All the preparatory exercises fall into one of the following categories: jumping, stretching, bending, twisting, and circling. They should be performed in a sequence starting with the extremities of the body and proceeding gradually towards the heart. Thus one should start with exercises for the legs (toes, ankles, and knees), then hips, trunk, shoulders, arms (elbows, wrists, and fingers), and finally the neck.
b. Seiri Undo: Supplementary Exercises
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