Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition. Charles Alfred Speed Williams

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      Key to Plate

      “Shòu Shān, the Taoist Paradise”

1. Zhōnglí Quán (鐘離權) The Eight Immortals (q.v.)
2. Zhāng Guōlâo (張果老)
3. Lû Dòngbïn (呂洞賓)
4. Cáo Guójiù (曹國舅)
5. Lí Tiêguâi (李鐵拐)
6. Hán Xïangzî (韓湘子)
7. Lan Câihé (藍采和)
8. Hé Xiāngü (何仙姑)
9. Liú Hâi (劉海), with
10. The Toad (三善), (q.v.)
11. Shuāng Xiān (雙仙), the Twin Genii of Union and Harmony
12. Nán Jí lâo rén (南極老人), the Spirit of the South Pole.
13. The magicians Zhāng Qiān (張蹇) and
14. Liú Chén (劉晨),
15. Fù Xïng (福星),
16. Lǜ Xïng (祿星), and
17. Shòu Xïng (壽星), the three Star-Gods of Happiness, Affluence, and Longevity.
18. The philosopher Chén Xïyí (陳希夷),
19. and 20. Bái Hè (白鶴), the White Cranes, Messengers and Coursers of the Gods.

      Published by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.,

       www.tuttlepublishing.com

      © 1974 by Charles E. Tuttle Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

      The Library of Congress has cataloged the previous edition ISBN 978-0-8048-3704-0 as follows: Library of Congress Card No. 89185845

      ISBN 978-0-8048-5007-0; ISBN 978-1-4629-0314-6 (ebook)

      Distributed by:

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       Tuttle Publishing

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      First Tuttle edition, 1974

       First Tuttle paperback edition, 1988

       Revised edition, 2006

       20 19 18 17

       10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

      Printed in China

       1708HX

      TUTTLE PUBLISHING® is a registered trademark of Tuttle Publishing, a division of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.

      ABOUT TUTTLE:

       “Books to Span the East and West”

      Our core mission at Tuttle Publishing is to create books which bring people together one page at a time. Tuttle was founded in 1832 in the small New England town of Rutland, Vermont (USA). Our fundamental values remain as strong today as they were then—to publish best-in-class books informing the English-speaking world about the countries and peoples of Asia. The world has become a smaller place today and Asia’s economic, cultural and political influence has expanded, yet the need for meaningful dialogue and information about this diverse region has never been greater. Since 1948, Tuttle has been a leader in publishing books on the cultures, arts, cuisines, languages and literatures of Asia. Our authors and photographers have won numerous awards and Tuttle has published thousands of books on subjects ranging from martial arts to paper crafts. We welcome you to explore the wealth of information available on Asia at www.tuttlepublishing.com

      “WHAT ARE THE FOUR INTELLIGENT CREATURES?

      They are:

      the Unicorn, the Phoenix, the Tortoise

      and the Dragon.”

      (何 謂 四 靈 °麟 鳳 龜 龍 °謂 之 四 靈 °)

      Legge: Lî Jì (禮 記), Bk. VII, Sect. III, § 10, p. 384.

      Contents

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A
Agriculture 33
Alarm-staff 36
Amber 36