Curved-Line Arrangement
Vertical-Line Arrangement
Horizontal-Line Arrangement
Geometric-Line Arrangement/Triangular Lines
Manipulated-Line Arrangement
Sequential Vases
Glass Container Arrangement
Using Floral Tubes for the Mechanics
The Basket Container
Pruning Design
Stacking Design
Twisting Design
Shredding Design
Tying Design
Cupped Design
Three Basic Ikebana Techniques
Rolled Design in a Basin
Using Artificial Materials
Floating Flowers in a Basin
Introduction
The shapes and colors of flowers are naturally beautiful without even arranging them. A single flower in a bud vase, flowers in a garden, or a bunch of flowers thrown together in a vase all make enjoyable arrangements with little effort. So why learn ikebana? Though it takes more time to make ikebana than to simply throw flowers together in a vase, in making ikebana we receive more than just visual pleasure-we also receive the creative pleasure of crafting an arrangement through an interaction with nature. To interact directly with nature, or even to pause and appreciate nature, is something we seldom have the opportunity to do in our busy daily lives. Ikebana allows us to rediscover the beauty of nature and also to experience the personal fulfillment of realizing our own artistic vision.
Each of us possesses artistic creativity, but sometimes it's hidden from us unless we have the opportunity to be in a creative environment. Once the basic skills and techniques have been learned, we can convey our visual sensibility and creativity through ikebana.
About Ikebana
The word ikebana roughly means "bring life to the flowers." After the fresh flowers are cut from the soil (the death of the flowers), they are given new life when they are arranged in a container. Ikebana is also called kado, which means "the way of mastering flower arrangement" in Japanese. By "way;' we mean the way in which we master the art form. Sado, for instance, means "the way of mastering the tea ceremony," and shodo means "the way of mastering calligraphy."
Ikebana forms were originally composed of three main lines to symbolize the harmony between heaven, man, and earth. A miniature representation of the universe was created in the small container, with three lines of differing heights (tall, medium, and short), and the placement of these lines used to help structure a three-dimensional form.
Ikebana is an art form derived from a combination of several elements: nature, human creativity, and formal technique. Ikebana requires us to craft the arrangement carefully by observing nature, rather than focusing on speed and efficiency. In the process of making ikebana, we must pay close attention to the natural shapes, textures, and colors of the materials. It also generally employs a minimal use of materials. For this reason, the use of one line, one flower, or one piece of foliage has more meaning than the use of many.
There is a basic distinction between commercial and noncommercial arrangements. Although both types of arrangements ultimately serve as decoration and are meant to please the viewer, they each have a fundamentally different underlying purpose and function. The commercial floral arrangement requires speed because the arrangement must be made in a limited time and also requires someone to deliver it to the customer. It also has to match the customer's need (essentially, the desired materials at the desired cost). Ikebana, however, traditionally belongs to the noncommercial category of floral arrangement. It's created for a specific site rather than for delivery, and its purpose is to give enjoyment to the person making the arrangement as much as to serve any practical function.
Those who wish to learn ikebana usually take ikebana classes and spend three to five years learning the basic techniques, skills, and form. Those who have truly mastered ikebana, however, have continually refined their expertise over many years, if not over most of their lives.
The History of Ikebana
Ikebana is a traditional Japanese art form with a long history, although the influence of religious function, developments in Japanese architecture and cultural activities, and our changing lifestyles have also caused the art to evolve over time. At the beginning of its history, ikebana was practiced mainly by monks and the aristocracy. The Rokkakudo Temple in Kyoto is recognized as the original location where monks first began to practice ikebana.
The earliest practice associated with the origins of ikebana centered on the offering of flowers to Buddha at the temple. This type of floral arrangement came to Japan with the introduction of Buddhism to the country in the sixth century. The custom of offering flowers to Buddha is still seen in many Japanese homes that have a Buddhist altar. A few different types of flowers will be simply arranged in a tall vase and placed before the altar in the home. Often these arrangements are made by family members who don't have formal ikebana training. Although offering flowers to Buddha was the origin of Ikebana, it is around the fifteenth century that this practice first developed into a genuine art form.
The frequently prominent display of ikebana in the tokonoma, or alcove, found in the traditional Japanese home was important in elevating its status. The tokonoma, an element of the Shoin architectural style, is a recessed area used to display art objects and a central feature of the interior design. The room with the tokonoma was considered the most important place in the house and was used primarily to entertain distinguished guests and for special occasions. The tokonoma in the traditional Japanese home was adapted from the design seen in the homes of the aristocracy, but was simplified to accommodate the smaller dwelling size of the commoner.
It was after ikebana began to be displayed in the tokonoma in the homes of the aristocracy that its purpose changed from a religious function to the decoration of the home. The ikebana would be displayed alongside valuable artworks and a hanging scroll, and there had to be harmony among the items on display. Thus, the design of the ikebana displayed in the tokonoma became important. Just as the other artworks in the tokonoma would be replaced to reflect the changing seasons, the ikebana would also be changed to incorporate seasonal flowers. Even though it served a decorative function, the ikebana itself
