stellaris 76 cm F: Ardeidae
Description: Unmistakable. Note massive size and sandy-brown, barred plumage.
Voice: Quiet during migration.
Habits: This secretive wetland bird requires extensive swamps with vast reed beds to thrive, but during migration it might turn up at smaller ponds or cultivated areas. Feeds quietly on small animals and in spite of its size is difficult to spot. Freezes or walks away when approached and prefers not to fly during the day.
MILKY STORK
Mycteria cinerea 92 cm F: Ciconiidae
Description: Note diagnostic white under-parts and under-wing coverts; also yellow bill and red face.
Voice: Silent.
Habits: A shy mangrove bird that feeds on the mudflats for about two hours each day during low tide, catching mudskippers and other fish, as well as snakes and frogs. Nests in small colonies in trees in remote mangrove forests.
PAINTED STORK
Mycteria leucocephala 102 cm F: Ciconiidae
Description: Blackish breast-band and wings are diagnostic. Captive photo.
Voice: Silent..
Habits: Unlike the similar Milky Stork, this freshwater bird feeds in marshes, lakes and occasionally wet fields, mainly on fish, but also catches frogs, reptiles and insects. Breeds in colonies in trees near the water, often in the company of other storks and herons.
ASIAN OPENBILL
Anastomus oscitans 81 cm F: Ciconiidae
Description: Smallest of the Asian storks. Size and a peculiar bill that does not close are diagnostic.
Voice: Generally silent.
Habits: Feeds almost exclusively on apple snails in freshwater marshes and wet fields, extracting snails with its specialized bill. Best place to see this species is the spectacular breeding colony in Wat Phai Lom, Thailand from November to April, when the semi-tame birds can be observed from special viewing towers. Populations disperse outside breeding season.
BLACK STORK
Ciconia nigra 100 cm F: Ciconiidae
Description: Black neck, wings and mantle are diagnostic; also note red bill. Captive photo.
Voice: Silent.
Habits: Found in marshes, along large rivers and around ponds behind the coast. Often occurs in somewhat vegetated areas, but during migration avoids closed forest. Feeds mainly on fish, but also takes a variety of other small aquatic and terrestrial prey. Recorded infrequently during the northern winter months from November to March. Seems to have declined in numbers in recent years.
WOOLLY-NECKED STORK
Ciconia episcopus 91 cm F: Ciconiidae
Description: Note diagnostic white extending across whole neck. The rare Sunda subregion resident subspecies is often treated as a full species. Storm's Stork, C. stormi, has black lower neck and yellow (not blue) facial skin.
Voice: Silent.
Habits: Occurs in marshes and wet fields in the lowlands that often have some trees, but is not found in forest. Also found behind estuaries and mangroves, but not on tidal mudflats, walking slowly, picking up fish, frogs, reptiles and large insects. Usually solitary and not numerous anywhere. Seems to have declined in numbers. Rarely observed.
BLACK-NECKED STORK
Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus 132 cm F: Ciconiidae
Description: Note huge size, massive black bill and white back.
Voice: Silent.
Habits: Frequents marshes, monsoon-flooded savanna forest, and coastal swamps and lagoons; occasionally found in tidal mangroves. Feeds mainly on fish, but also takes frogs, reptiles and insects. Seems to require extensive, undisturbed wetlands to thrive, and has declined almost to extinction in Southeast Asia. In India and Australia, where it lives near villages and farmlands, it has adapted better to disturbed conditions.
GREATER ADJUTANT
Leptoptilos dubius 145 cm F: Ciconiidae
Description: Distinguished from following species by larger size, and grey panel in wing and neck pouch. Captive photo.
Voice: Silent.
Habits: Occurs around freshwater marshes and large lakes, also in fields and drier grassland areas. Feeds on carrion; also catches fish, reptiles and injured animals. An abundant bird in the 19th century, with millions reported in India and Myanmar. Even in the early 20th century it was numerous, entering villages to feed
