Tuttle Learner's Chinese-English Dictionary. Li Dong

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Tuttle Learner's Chinese-English Dictionary - Li Dong

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rel="nofollow" href="#ud2105fd1-7e7a-5120-8a03-714856c61405">Dictionary

       A

       B

       C

       D

       E

       F

       G

       H

       J

       K

       L

       M

       N

       O

       P

       Q

       R

       S

       T

       W

       X

       Y

       Z

       English-Chinese Word Finder

      A Guide for Learners of Chinese

      This dictionary is for learners of Chinese as a foreign or second language. It is designed to be a teaching/learning aid to the growing communities of teaching and learning the language. More specifically, this dictionary aims to help those learners who wish to sit for the New Chinese Proficiency Test (New HSK 新汉语水平考试), the Chinese government-sponsored, international standardized test, as it gives detailed treatment of all the 5,000 words in the prescribed Word Lists from Level 1 to Level 6. A further 1,000 very useful words are covered in the dictionary to allow for flexibility of the vocabulary requirement of the HSK.

      In the following pages I offer the essentials of the Chinese language and, along the way, advice on how to make the best use of this dictionary.

      1 PronunciaTion

      1.1 The Pinyin romanization System

      The pronunciation of Chinese words is transcribed in this dictionary using the internationally recognized Chinese romanization scheme called pinyin. Every Chinese word in this dictionary is accompanied by its pinyin spelling so users will know how it is pronounced.

      Pronouncing Chinese syllables normally involves three elements: vowels, consonants and tones. Modern standard Chinese, known as Putonghua, uses about 419 syllables without tones and 1,332 syllables with tones.

      1.2 Vowels

      1.2.1 Single Vowels

       There are seven basic single vowels:

asimilar to a in ah
esimilar to a in ago
êsimilar to e in ebb (this sound never occurs alone and is transcribed as e, as in ei, ie, ue)
isimilar to ee in cheese (spelled y when not preceded by a consonant)
osimilar to oe in toe
usimilar to oo in boot (spelled w when not preceded by a consonant)
üsimilar to German ü in über or French u in tu; or you can also get ü by saying i and rounding your lips at the same time (spelled u after j, q, x; spelled yu when not preceded by a consonant)

      1.2.2 Vowel combinations

       These single vowels enter into combinations with each other or the consonants of n or ng to form what are technically known as diphthongs. These combinations are pronounced as a single sound, with a little more emphasis on the first part of the sound.

      You can learn these combinations in four groups:

Group 1:diphthongs starting with a/e/ê
aisimilar to y in my
aosimilar to ow in how
an
ang
en
eng
eisimilar to ay in may
Group 2:diphthongs starting with i
ia
iesimilar to ye in yes
iao
iousimilar to you (spelled iu when preceded by a consonant)
ian
iensimilar to in (spelled in when preceded by a consonant)
iengsimilar to En in English (spelled ing when preceded by a consonant)
iangsimilar to young
iong
Group 3:diphthongs starting with u/o
ua
uo
uaisimilar to why in British English
ueisimilar to way (spelled ui when preceded by a consonant)
uan
uen(spelled un when preceded by a consonant)
ueng
uang
ong
Group 4:diphthongs starting with ü
üeused only after j, q, x; spelled ue
üenused only after j, q, x; spelled un
üanused only after j, q, x; spelled uan

      1.3 consonants

      Consonants may be grouped in the following ways.

      Group 1: These consonants are almost the same in Chinese and English.

CHINESEENGLISH
mm
nn
ff
ll
ss
rr
bpronounced as hard p (as in speak)
pp (as in peak)
gpronounced as hard k (as in ski)
kk (as in key)
dpronounced as hard t (as in star)
tt (as in tar)

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