chi sao, it is most important that the student learn to control his opponents’ bridges and to set them up for the next shot. With chi sao, a practitioner learns to strike when an opponent’s intention is not there, and to stay wary and mindful of one’s own situation; to recognize opportunity, and become sensitive to it; the three major components of tools, timing, and positioning; and lastly, experience. Experience gives one the ability to recognize other avenues when before there seemed to be none. Advanced practitioners will practice chi sao while blindfolded, and with all the empty-hand tools, including the hands, feet, knees, elbows, and head. Chi sao practice helps to merge concept with practice. Often, students are advised: “Chi sao mo lien fa sik” (There are no flowery techniques in sticky hands practice”). Chi sao is the means to develop the most efficient way to strike an opponent. To utilize fancy techniques is to waste time and render the techniques inefficient.
Chi gerk (sticking legs) is a study by some of Yip Man’s students on developing sensitivity with the legs. The principles of the Wing Chun hands also pertain to the legs. For example, the “asking hand” and “guard hand” techniques become the “asking foot” and “guard foot” techniques, and tan sao, bong sao, and fook sao can be done with the legs as well.
Chi gerk training allows one to isolate leg training and to develop balance, endurance, and tactile sensitivity with them. During chi gerk practice, one discovers that each step in Wing Chun is a potential kick. Chi gerk also teaches to alternate the legs, to trap an opponents kick, and to “kick at the post” (e.g., attack the opponent’s supporting leg). It develops whole body coordination and combinations of hand and foot techniques. It trains the mind to subconsciously react with feeling; and to develop the balanced use of fifty percent hands and feet. Yip Man Wing Chun has the saying “gerk mo hui faat” (the kick does not miss), which means to kick only when necessary and when one knows that it will score.
San sao (free fighting) trains the applications of Wing Chun techniques. San sao training gives the student a way to customize their own Wing Chun, develop confidence in their abilities when facing an opponent, and explore how to take the correct angle of entry.
CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES
Wing Chun is a martial art that is based on principles and concepts rather than just techniques alone.
Jung sien dui ying (centerline facing principle), also commonly referred to as the saggital plane, central line, mother line, middle line is the cornerstone principle of Wing Chun. By adhering to the centerline principle, the Wing Chun practitioner has occupied the optimal position from which to defend or attack. Thus, the centerline principle forms the basis for the study of proper positioning. By positioning and correctly aligning the anatomical tools in the centerline, the manifestation of power and force is maximized. Finally, the centerline principle defines the effective limit and the power path of each movement, and the areas protected by conceptual shielding.
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