together to generate ideas, conduct writing projects together, and respond to each other’s writing projects (e.g., peer review and editing). Such feedback comes throughout the entire composing process. Students receive from various sources ideas about how they can improve some aspect of whatever they are writing.
Technology: Using computers and tablets to compose, revise, and edit writing. It may also include using applications for finding information and creating graphics. Using technology also means writing with and for a range of forms, formats, and features: essays, blogs, wikis, websites, multimedia presentations, or digital essays.
Writing projects: These may include traditional informational and literary pieces but may also include technological writing forms (e.g., blogs, wikis, websites, and multimedia presentations).
Source: ELA Companion 6–8.
Notes
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Grades 6–8 Interacting in Meaningful Ways Collaborative Standard 2
Example of Practice in Snapshot Related to Standard 2: Interacting via written English
Snapshot 6.1. Summary and Analysis of Stories Designated ELD Connected to ELA in Grade Six
In English language arts, students in Ms. Chanthavong’s sixth-grade class summarizeand analyze stories in a variety of ways (e.g., during a teacher-led lesson, during writers’ workshop, with a peer). During the analysis, students focus on the overall structure of stories, how elements such as setting and plot interact, the development and point of view of the characters, and the theme or central idea.
During designated ELD time, Ms. Chanthavong continues to promote summary and analysis of stories by expanding the pool of language resources her ELLs draw upon during their oral discussions and written analyses. She shows her students how, in the different stages of narratives (e.g., exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution), authors use linking words or transitional phrases to guide readers through the story. She explains how these language resources are also useful for retelling stories, writing original stories, and for writing analyses of stories (i.e., literary criticism). For example, in exposition, adverbial phrases referring to time and place serve to orient the reader to the setting (e.g., in a faraway land, one day in late summer, on the vast plains). In the rising action and climax stages, words and phrases suggesting manner or mood can be used to introduce conflicts or plot twists (e.g., unexpectedly, out of the blue, all of a sudden). In the falling action and resolution stages of narratives, writers can employ words and phrases that suggest conflict resolution and relationships between events (e.g., consequently, ultimately). The teacher supports her students’ understanding of how these words and phrases create cohesion by helping students locate relevant examples of such usage in the texts they read, and subsequently encouraging students to use these strategic language resources in their own writing.
Ms. Chanthavong also helps her students build language resources to summarize and analyze a story’s elements. For example, she builds students’ vocabulary for expressing their ideas and opinions by creating word banks (e.g., synonyms for think might include believe, interpret, propose, come to the conclusion while a word bank for says might include phrases and words like suggests that, indicates, demonstrates). She creates similar word banks for adjectives describing characters (e.g., jealous, courageous, empathetic) or adverbials that indicate time, manner, or place (e.g., throughout the winter, fearlessly, along the coast). The teacher often co-constructs word banks with her students and teaches some vocabulary explicitly (especially general academic vocabulary) so that students can refer back to the word banks as they discuss and compose texts.
During designated ELD, Ms. Chanthavong provides additional structured opportunities for her students to practice using these new language resources so that during ELA they will be able to use the language more confidently when summarizing and analyzing texts.
CA ELD Standards: ELD.PI.6.6b, 8, 10, 12; ELD.PII.6.2b, 3–5
CA CCSS for ELA/Literacy: RL.6.2–4; W.6.3; SL.6.4; L.6.6
The snapshot cited above can be found in its entirety at https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/rl/cf/, ELA/ELD Framework, p. 550.
Standard 3: Offering opinions
ELD Standard 3 Organized by Grade Level and Proficiency Level
Emerging
6 Negotiate with or persuade others in conversations (e.g., to gain and hold the floor or ask for clarification) using basic learned phrases (e.g., I think . . ., Would you please repeat that?), as well as open responses.
7 Negotiate with or persuade others in conversations (e.g., to gain and hold the floor or ask for clarification) using basic learned phrases (e.g., I think . . ., Would you please repeat that?), as well as open responses.
8 Negotiate with or persuade others in conversations (e.g., to gain and hold the floor or ask for clarification) using basic learned phrases (e.g., I think . . ., Would you please repeat that?), as well as open responses.
Expanding
6 Negotiate with or persuade others in conversations (e.g., to provide counterarguments) using an expanded set of learned phrases (I agree with X, but . . .), as well as open responses.
7 Negotiate with or persuade others in conversations (e.g., to provide counterarguments) using an expanded set of learned phrases (I agree with X, but…), as well as open responses.
8 Negotiate with or persuade others in conversations (e.g., to provide counterarguments) using an expanded set of learned phrases (I agree with X, but…), as well as open responses.
Bridging
6 Negotiate with or persuade others in conversations using appropriate register (e.g., to reflect on multiple perspectives) using a variety of learned phrases, indirect reported speech (e.g., I heard you say X, and Gabriel just pointed out Y), as well as open responses.
7 Negotiate with or persuade others in conversations using appropriate register (e.g., to acknowledge new information) using a variety of learned phrases, indirect reported speech (e.g., I heard you say X, and I haven’t thought about that before), and open responses.
8 Negotiate with or persuade others in conversations using an appropriate register (e.g., to acknowledge new information and justify views) using a variety of learned phrases, indirect reported speech (e.g., I heard you say X, and that’s a good point. I still think Y, though, because . . . ) and open responses.
