eastern United States since 1893, when the company’s fleet switched to steam power. Beginning in 1934, all the company’s ships docking in Guayaquil had refrigerated compartments, suitable for carrying bananas.31 The response to this development was immediate. Ecuador exported 1,075,756 stems from January through September of 1934, of which nearly three-quarters (745,450 stems) went to New York. These shipments not only exceeded the aforementioned goal of 350,000 exported stems for 1934, but also the 462,054 stems actually sent overseas in 1933.32
With banana exports going up, United Fruit started at last to invest in western Ecuador. Samuel Zemurray had taken over the company in January 1933 and one of his first acts was to send Francis V. Coleman to the costa with instructions to acquire real estate. Coleman, who had worked in Ecuador more than a decade earlier for the West Indian Oil Company, knew the country well, including the places best suited to banana production for overseas markets. Mindful of the limitations of local infrastructure, he concentrated on properties close to existing railroads. One of the properties United Fruit purchased was El Tenguel. The company also bought the Taura-Vainillo plantation, with an area exceeding 30,000 hectares, and a dozen other holdings.33
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