rel="nofollow" href="#fb3_img_img_211a13e0-63d9-5e03-8c18-e7e35a10d750.jpg" alt="images"/>, the pilgrim may offer ṣalāt al-sunnah and supplications to Allah in this area. However, this is not a part of the prescribed rites of Ḥajj.
Iḍṭibāʿ: The mode of Iḥrām used during Ṭawāf al-Qudūm. The male pilgrim drapes one end of the top part of his Iḥrām over his left shoulder back-to-front. The other end goes across his back, under his right arm, across his front, and is finally draped over his left shoulder. Iḍṭibāʿ is not observed in any other type of Ṭawāf. Also, when the pilgrim offers ṣalāt after Ṭawāf al-Qudūm or an obligatory ṣalāt during this Ṭawāf, he must cover both his shoulders. In other words, Iḍṭibāʿ is practiced only while actually performing Ṭawāf al-Qudūm. Female pilgrims wear no Iḥrām, so that the question of Iḍṭibāʿ for them does not arise.
Iḥrām: The distinctive garb of the male pilgrim worn during Ḥajj or ʿUmrah. It consists of two pieces of white, unsewn and plain cloth. One of the pieces is wrapped around the midriff to cover his body from just above his navel to his ankles, and the other is draped around his shoulders to cover the upper body. For ladies, their ordinary and unpretentious clothes of everyday wear constitute their Iḥrām.
Istilām: The act of kissing Ḥajar al-Aswad at the beginning and the end of every circumambulation (circuit) of the Kaʿbah during Ṭawāf. If it is not possible physically to kiss Ḥajar al-Aswad because of the huge crowd or for any other reason, the pilgrim may raise his hand towards Ḥajar al-Aswad and, then, kiss his own hand.
Jamarāt: The three stone pillars in Minā which symbolically represent the locations where the devil (shaiṭān) is stated in Tradition to have tried to tempt Prophet Ibrāhīm
Jamrat al-Ūlā: The first stone pillar in the line.
Jamrat al-Wusṭā: The second (middle) stone pillar in the line.
Jamrat al-Kubrā: The last stone pillar in the line. This is also called Jamrat al-ʿUqbah.
Kaffārah: literally, expiation is another name for Dam.
Maḥram: The husband or a male companion of a female pilgrim to whom her marriage is expressly prohibited by the Sharīʿah (e.g., father, brother, uncle, nephew, etc.). A woman must necessarily be accompanied by a Maḥram for Ḥajj and ʿUmrah.
Maqām Ibrāhīm: The step-stone used by Prophet Ibrāhīm
Marwah: A small knoll (i.e., hillock) located approximately one hundred and fifty yards from the Kaʿbah. The pilgrim performs the devotional rite of Saʿī between the knolls of Ṣafā and Marwah.
Masjid al-Ḥarām: The mosque around the Kaʿbah also known as Ḥaram al-Sharīf.
Mīqāt: An imaginary boundary around Makkah. A prospective pilgrim cannot cross this boundary without first changing into Iḥrām. This boundary is anchored by different townships and localities in different directions (Dhu’l-Ḥulaifa in the north, Yalamlam in the south-east, Dhāt ʿIrq in the north-east, Juḥfah in the north-west, Qarn al-Manāzil in the east). The pilgrim changes into Iḥrām at Mīqāt and pronounces his intention to perform Ḥajj or ʿUmrah. For people living inside the Mīqāt permanently, their place of residence is their Mīqāt.
Minā: A desert location approximately three miles from Makkah where several Ḥajj rites are performed.
Muʿallim: A knowledgeable professional who can guide the pilgrim during Ḥajj; also called a Muṭawwif.
Muḥrim: A pilgrim in the state of Iḥrām.
Multazam: The part of the Kaʿbah between its door and Ḥajar al-Aswad. This is a specially sacred part of the Kaʿbah. It is recommended that, if possible, the pilgrim should touch the Kaʿbah at Multazam and offer supplications to Allah. However, this is not a part of the prescribed rites of Ḥajj.
Mutamattiʿ: One who has performed Ḥajj al-Tamattuʿ.
Muṭawwif: See Muʿallim.
Muzdalifah: A desert location approximately midway between Minā and ʿArafāt. The pilgrim spends the night of the 10th of Dhu’l-Ḥijjah here.
Niyyah: Intention. All acts of worship are preceded by an appropriate niyyah.
Qārin: One who has performed Ḥajj al-Qirān.
Qaṣr: The mode of shortened prayers usually offered when on a journey.
Ramal: The ritual in which male pilgrims are required to walk briskly with their chests thrust forward and their shoulders slightly rolling during the first three circuits of Ṭawāf al-Qudūm. Ladies are not required to practise Ramal.
Ramī: The act of symbolically stoning the devil (shaiṭān) in Minā on the 10th through the 13th of Dhu’l-Ḥijjah. This commemorates the tradition that Prophet Ibrāhīm
Ṣafā: A small knoll approximately 200 yards from the Kaʿbah inside the Masjid al-Ḥarām. The pilgrim performs the devotional act of Saʿī between the knolls of Ṣafā and Marwah.
Saʿī: The devotional act of walking seven times between the knolls of Ṣafā and Marwah. This act retraces the footsteps of Hājar, wife of Prophet Ibrāhīm
