Colonial Fantasies, Imperial Realities. Lenny A. Ureña Valerio
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Even though the new ways of defining disease and laws of inheritance introduced at the end of the nineteenth century could be interpreted as more liberalizing and less deterministic from a theoretical point of view, they turned out to be even more restrictive, since they gave additional power to doctors and authorities to interfere with individual and communal living styles. The notion that diseases were not determined by climatic and geographic conditions but by “cosmopolitan” bacteria did not translate into an equal treatment of populations regardless of the place, ethnicity, and racial group they belonged to. As many scholars have pointed out, microorganisms, carried by vector hosts, became identified with different groups in society and came to be seen as political and national threats.47 John Farley argues that in the colonial realm the germ theory helped create policies of racial segregation in which the natives themselves replaced the tropical climate as the major threat and were seen as the source of life-threatening germs.48 Moreover, people began to believe that an individual, even when not suffering from an illness, might carry the predisposition to acquire the disease from previous generations.
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