Colonial Fantasies, Imperial Realities. Lenny A. Ureña Valerio

Чтение книги онлайн.

Читать онлайн книгу Colonial Fantasies, Imperial Realities - Lenny A. Ureña Valerio страница 22

Colonial Fantasies, Imperial Realities - Lenny A. Ureña Valerio Polish and Polish-American Studies Series

Скачать книгу

began to have in German medicine in his study of the spread of diphtheria in Breslau from 1886 to 1890. In this work, the author celebrates the fact that experimental approaches to diseases, contrary to previous medical observation and statistical methods, had led to more effective and accurate knowledge of the sources of contagion.44 The discovery in 1884 of the diphtheria bacillus by two German bacteriologists, Edwin Klebs and Friedrich Löffler, had enabled people to artificially recreate the conditions of the illness in the laboratory and uncover the peculiarities of the pathogen and its mode of communication. In 1890, these studies culminated in the creation of a serum therapy developed by Emil von Behring, Erich Wernicke, and a Japanese bacteriologist, Kitasato Shibasaburō, who was trained by Koch in Germany. According to Flügge, only experimental science could lead to a successful understanding of the disease. Previous methods used in its study were inefficient mainly because “it was difficult to obtain reliable statistical material either about diphtheria or the cases of death produced by it in larger areas and groups so that the natural variations in the ways in which the illness was spread could be associated with different possible factors.”45 One of the main goals was to find specific causes, and it was rather challenging to establish the origins of infection just by looking at diseases from a statistical point of view. Flügge was proposing to move away from epidemic studies whose explanations of the disease were too strongly attached to climatic conditions and place of incidence. He believed that whenever people moved to a new locale, they brought with them their “lifestyle habits and peculiarities” and the same risks and dangers of the illness.46

      Even though the new ways of defining disease and laws of inheritance introduced at the end of the nineteenth century could be interpreted as more liberalizing and less deterministic from a theoretical point of view, they turned out to be even more restrictive, since they gave additional power to doctors and authorities to interfere with individual and communal living styles. The notion that diseases were not determined by climatic and geographic conditions but by “cosmopolitan” bacteria did not translate into an equal treatment of populations regardless of the place, ethnicity, and racial group they belonged to. As many scholars have pointed out, microorganisms, carried by vector hosts, became identified with different groups in society and came to be seen as political and national threats.47 John Farley argues that in the colonial realm the germ theory helped create policies of racial segregation in which the natives themselves replaced the tropical climate as the major threat and were seen as the source of life-threatening germs.48 Moreover, people began to believe that an individual, even when not suffering from an illness, might carry the predisposition to acquire the disease from previous generations.

      Конец ознакомительного фрагмента.

      Текст предоставлен ООО «ЛитРес».

      Прочитайте эту книгу целиком, купив полную легальную версию на ЛитРес.

      Безопасно оплатить книгу можно банковской картой Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, со счета мобильного телефона, с платежного терминала, в салоне МТС или Связной, через PayPal, WebMoney, Яндекс.Деньги, QIWI Кошелек, бонусными картами или другим удобным Вам способом.

/9j/4R4YRXhpZgAATU0AKgAAAAgADAEAAAMAAAABA4QAAAEBAAMAAAABBUYAAAECAAMAAAADAAAA ngEGAAMAAAABAAIAAAESAAMAAAABAAEAAAEVAAMAAAABAAMAAAEaAAUAAAABAAAApAEbAAUAAAAB AAAArAEoAAMAAAABAAIAAAExAAIAAAAgAAAAtAEyAAIAAAAUAAAA1IdpAAQAAAABAAAA6AAAASAA CAAIAAgALcbAAAAnEAAtxsAAACcQQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoTWFjaW50b3NoKQAyMDE5 OjA3OjI2IDE1OjI4OjE0AAAEkAAABwAAAAQwMjIxoAEAAwAAAAH//wAAoAIABAAAAAEAAAcIoAMA BAAAAAEAAAqMAAAAAAAAAAYBAwADAAAAAQAGAAABGgAFAAAAAQAAAW4BGwAFAAAAAQAAAXYBKAAD AAAAAQACAAACAQAEAAAAAQAAAX4CAgAEAAAAAQAAHJIAAAAAAAAASAAAAAEAAABIAAAAAf/Y/+0A DEFkb2JlX0NNAAL/7gAOQWRvYmUAZIAAAAAB/9sAhAAMCAgICQgMCQkMEQsKCxEVDwwMDxUYExMV ExMYEQwMDAwMDBEMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMAQ0LCw0ODRAODhAUDg4OFBQO Dg4OFBEMDAwMDBERDAwMDAwMEQwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAz/wAARCACgAGsD ASIAAhEBAxEB/90ABAAH/8QBPwAAAQUBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAwABAgQFBgcICQoLAQABBQEBAQEB AQAAAAAAAAABAAIDBAUGBwgJCgsQAAEEAQMCBAIFBwYIBQMMMwEAAhEDBCESMQVBUWETInGBMgYU kaGxQiMkFVLBYjM0coLRQwclklPw4fFjczUWorKDJkSTVGRFwqN0NhfSVeJl8rOEw9N14/NGJ5Sk hbSVxNTk9KW1xdXl9VZmdoaWprbG1ub2N0dXZ3eHl6e3x9fn9xEAAgIBAgQEAwQFBgcHBgU1AQAC EQMhMRIEQVFhcSITBTKBkRShsUIjwVLR8DMkYuFygpJDUxVjczTxJQYWorKDByY1wtJEk1SjF2RF VTZ0ZeLys4TD03Xj80aUpIW0lcTU5PSltcXV5fVWZnaGlqa2xtbm9ic3R1dnd4eXp7fH/9oADAMB AAIRAxEAPwC836udc4OHZr/KZ/6URHfV3rUADDsP9pn/AKUXXdbysmm3p9Fbzj42Xkenl5YIBYwV 2W11Nc+W1Oy7668b1v8AhPTp9PKtx7FVf1mrEyzTgufnMte1799m5lbG2V

Скачать книгу