Notes
Maps
Preface
I am indebted to the staff of many libraries: University Library, Medical Library, African Studies Centre Library, and St John’s College Library, Cambridge; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; School of Oriental and African Studies, London; British Library for Development Studies, Falmer; British Library, London and Boston Spa; Library of Congress, Washington; South African National Library, Pretoria and Cape Town; University of Cape Town Library; Cullen Library, University of the Witwatersrand; Ministry of Health, Entebbe; Makerere University Library; Albert Cook Memorial Library, Kampala; Medical Library, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi; and Medical Library, Muhimbili Medical Centre, Dar es Salaam.
Among individuals I am especially grateful to Shane Doyle, Pieter Fourie, John Lonsdale, Margie Struthers, David Throup, and Megan Vaughan. James Currey Publishers deserve my thanks for the urgency with which they have undertaken publication.
Writing the book has left me with profound respect for the epidemiologists and medical scientists on whose work it draws. If, through ignorance or hubris, I have misrepresented any of their findings, I apologise in advance.
John lliffe
Abbreviations
| AAA | Aids Analysis Africa |
| Aids | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
| ANC | African National Congress (of South Africa) |
| ARHR | Aids Research and Human Retroviruses |
| ART | Antiretroviral treatment |
| ARV | Antiretroviral |
| ATICC | Aids training, information and counselling centre |
| AZT | Azidothymidine |
| BMJ | British Medical Journal |
| CAR | Central African Republic |
| CHEP | Copperbelt Health Education Project |
| CRF | Circulating recombinant form |
| DNA | Deoxiribonucleic acid |
| EJHD | Ethiopian Journal of Health Development |
| FACT | Family Aids Caring Trust |
| FAO | Food and Agriculture Organisation |
| HAART | Highly active antiretroviral therapy |
| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| HSV | Herpes simplex virus |
| HTR | Health Transition Review |
| IDS | Institute of Development Studies |
| IDU | Injecting drug user |
| IFORD | Institut de Formation et de Recherche Démographiques |
| IJSA | International Journal of STDs and Aids |
| JAMA | Journal of the American Medical Association |
| MRC | Medical Research Council |
| MONGOs | My Own NGOs |
| NACOSA | National Aids Convention of South Africa |
| NACWOLA | National Community of Women Living with Aids |
| NAPWA | National Association of People with Aids |
| NEJM | New England Journal of Medicine |
| NGO | Non-governmental organisation |
| NS | New series |
| OCEAC | Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale |
| PEPFAR | Presidential Emergency Programme for Aids Relief |
| PHC | Primary health care |
| PLWA | People living with Aids |
| PLWHA | People living with HIV/Aids |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
| SAMJ | South African Medical Journal |
| SSM | Social Science and Medicine |
| STD | Sexually transmitted disease |
| STI | Sexually transmitted infection |
| SWAA | Society for Women and Aids in Africa |
| TAC | Treatment Action Campaign |
| TASO | The Aids Support Organisation |
