3.2 The value of Waters’s contracts with merchants at Zanzibar
4.1 Value of cloves and coconuts in the total exports of Zanzibar, 1859–1864/5
4.2 Value of ivory and copal in the total exports of Zanzibar, 1859–1864/5
4.3 Import duties as a proportion of total revenue, 1859–1864/5
4.4 Internal trade of Zanzibar by commodities, 1859–1864/5
4.5 External trade of Zanzibar by commodities, 1859–1864/5
4.6 External trade of Zanzibar by countries, 1859–1864/5
4.7 The population of Zanzibar town, 1835–1910
4.8 The Indian population of Zanzibar, 1819–74
5.1 Imports into Zanzibar from the African coast, 1848–1873/4
5.2 Exports of ivory from Mombasa, 1849–87
5.3 Mombasa’s foreign trade, 1872
6.1 Slave captures, 1868–70
6.2 The East African slave trade, 1811–73
6.3 Redistribution of slaves in East Africa, 1866/7–1872/3
6.4 The East African slave trade in the 1860s: summary
Abbreviations
| Adm. | Admiralty Records at Public Record Office, Kew |
| ANSOM | Archives Nationales, Section Outre-Mer, Paris |
| BHS | Beverley Historical Society,. Beverley, Massachusetts |
| BM, Add. Mss | Additional Manuscripts, at British Museum, London |
| BR | Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government, New Series |
| CCZ | Correspondance Consulaire et Commerciale: Zanzibar, at Ministère des Affaires Etrangères Archives, Paris |
| Cust. | Customs Records, at Public Record Office, Kew |
| EI | Essex Institute, Salem, Massachusetts |
| FO | Foreign Office Records, at Public Record Office, Kew |
| FOCP | Foreign Office Confidential Print, at Public Record Office, Kew |
| HSBA | Harvard School of Business Administration, Baker Library, Cambridge, Massachusetts |
| IOR | India Office Records, London |
| LC | Library of Congress, Washington, DC |
| MA | Maharashtra State Archives, Bombay |
| MAE | Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Archives, Paris |
| NAI | National Archives of India, New Delhi |
| NAW | National Archives, Washington, DC |
| OI | Océan Indien series, at Ministère des Affaires Etrangères Archives, Paris |
| PM | Peabody Museum, Salem, Massachusetts |
| PP | Parliamentary Papers, United Kingdom |
| PRO | Public Record Office, Kew |
| PZ | Correspondance Politique: Zanzibar, at Ministère des Affaires Etrangéres Archives, Paris |
| RIHS | Rhode Island Historical Society, Providence |
| SCHR | Salem Custom House Records, at Essex Institute, Salem, Massachusetts |
| T 100 | American Consular Records, Group 59, on microfilm at National Archives, Washington, DC |
Note: For more details see Sources, pp. 259–65 below.
Glossary
| Imam | Spiritual title of the Ibadhi ruler of Oman traditionally elected by the ulema and the tribal shaikhs. It declined in significance during the latter part of the eighteenth century with the secularisation of the Omani state, but was revived in the late 1860s. |
| Seyyid | Lord, used in Oman and Zanzibar to refer to the more secular ruler, and to members of the ruling dynasty. |
| Shaikh | Heads of tribal and clan groupings in Oman; also a term of respect used more generally. |
| Shamba | A Swahili word for plantation or plot of land. |
| Sultan | Secular title of the ruler of Oman and Zanzibar emphasising the temporal aspect of his position. |
| Ulema | Religious experts in Islam; played an important role in the election of the Imam in Oman. |
Currency and Weights
CURRENCY
Cruzado (Cr) A Portuguese silver coin with a fluctuating value: 1777: 3.75 Cr = 1 Piastre (see below); 1813: 2.60 Cr = 1 Piastre.1
Maria Theresa Dollar (MT$) A coin known as the Austrian Crown, the ‘Black dollar’, Kursh or Rial. Current on the East African coast until the 1860s when it began to be replaced by the American dollar. 1 MT$ = Rs 2.10–2.23 during the first half of the nineteenth century. £1 = MT$ 4.75. Spanish, Mexican Piastres or dollars and American dollars were exchanged at Zanzibar at 1 per cent to 6 per cent discount.2
Rupee (Rs) The Indian unit of currency. Before 1836 different parts of India had their own coins. The universal rupee was established in that year, but the value fluctuated until 1899: 1803–1813: 1 Spanish Dollar = Rs2.38–2.14. 1841–1868: 1 Spanish dollar = Rs2.10–2.18.3
WEIGHTS
Arroba (Ar) A Portuguese unit equal to 14.688 kg.4
Frasela (Fr) A unit widely used along the East African
