behind Kikuyu migration
Kikuyu migration to the Rift Valley
Squatter accumulation: livestock
The paradox of a labour shortage: squatter self-perception
Two: Settlers and Squatters: Conflict of Interests 1918–37
The 1918 Resident Native Labourers Ordinance (RNLO)
Settler differences over squatter stock
‘Kifagio’
Squatter resistance
Squatter production in the inter-war years
The sanctity of the White Highlands versus squatter assertion: from squatters to wage labourers
Squatter insecurity
Squatters and litigation
Notes
Three: Social Organisation among Squatters
Elders’ councils (ciama)
Official opposition to the kiama
Circumcision
The struggle for education
KISA and Karinga schools
Self help among squatters: the quest for education
Kikuyu Private Schools Association
The missions
Notes
Four: The Crisis: Decline in Squatter Welfare 1938–48
The 1937 Resident Native Labourers Ordinance: provisions and implications
Olenguruone
The Olenguruone scheme
Resistance at Olenguruone
The Olenguruone oath
Notes
Five: Politics of Protest: Mau Mau
Post-war political mobilisation
KCA and KAU mobilisation
Militant politics among the squatters
The social basis of Mau Mau in the White Highlands
The rise of violence
Mau Mau food supplies: the women’s war
Mau Mau and the control of the Rift Valley
The return of Kikuyu squatters to the White Highlands
Notes
Six: The Post Mau Mau Period: The Independence Bargain and the Plight of the Squatters, 1955–63
The Kenya Land Freedom Army
Liberal European politics
Land and politics
The peasantisation of the White Highlands
Notes
Biographical Notes on Key Informants
Acknowledgements
I am greatly indebted to the many people and institutions that have been helpful in the course of preparing this work. The study began as a Ph.D. dissertation for the University of Nairobi. I would like to thank my two supervisors, Prof. Godfrey Muriuki and Dr Atieno-Odhiambo for their constructive and stimulating criticism of the drafts. Prof. Ahmed I. Salim kindly joined hands with Prof. Muriuki during Dr Atieno-Odhiambo’s absence on sabbatical leave and offered valuable help.
The United States Agency for International Development funded the initial two-year grant while the University of Nairobi awarded me a one-year grant between December 1977 and November 1978. Both grants went a long way towards financing the research.
The
