is preserved.”122 The penultimate stage of Abrarim opposite Nabau [Nebo] suggests “separation” (Nebo). The person at this stage has spiritually “separated” him or herself from the world. The person is in the world, but not of the world. At the final stage, Moab, the soul stands ready for entrance into the promised land. “For the whole journey takes place, the whole course is run for the purpose of arriving at the river of God, so that we may be made neighbors of the flowing Wisdom and may be watered by the waves of divine knowledge, and so that purified by them all we may be made worthy to enter the promised land.”123
Achard of St. Victor, Sermon XV
The monastic communities of both the East and the West employed and expanded the method of biblical interpretation outlined by Origen. In the twelfth century a community of Augustinian canons at the abbey of St. Victor on the outskirts of Paris produced a series of masters (e.g., Hugh, Richard, Andrew, and Achard of St. Victor) who composed an impressive collection of biblical commentaries, sermons, and theological treatises. Because the Augustinian canons were trained with a broad education in the liberal arts and had pastoral responsibilities outside the abbey, they brought both scholarly knowledge and practical wisdom to their theological work. Franklin Harkins and Frans van Liere describe “the Victorine model of scriptural exegesis [as one that] sought to embrace both scientific and spiritual culture, learning and wisdom, scientia and sapientia. It emphasized the scholarly examination of the biblical text, but always in the context of the deeper, spiritual formation of the reader.”124 In Achard’s Sermon XV we have a fine example of the Victorine model of scriptural interpretation in which wisdom and knowledge, theology and spirituality, and scholastic and pastoral concerns converge. There is scholarly debate over whether the text is a sermon or a treatise, but it was most likely a Lenten reflection for his fellow canons which Achard composed during his time as abbot of St. Victor (1155–61).
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