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Lexicor and Cognitrace. Twenty electrodes were used (5 in frontal region, 2 frontal temporal, 3 occipital, 2 temporal, 2 temporal parietal, 3 parietal, and 3 along the central sulcus). The 2 machines were calibrated with repeat scans. Both Lexicor and Cognitrace use auditory stimuli of low and high beeps, and provide an output of latency and amplitude based on preprogrammed baselines based on age. The latency (in milliseconds) and voltage (in microvolts) from the waveform selected for analysis were calculated by the computer algorithm and documented in the patients’ charts. All data were anonymized with confidential IDs matching those of the PET scans.
Cognitive Tests for MCI
Data were also collected regarding patients’ memory complaints. Memory complaint data were used to determine whether the patient met clinical criteria for MCI:
1.The patient is neither normal nor demented;
2.Evidence of cognitive deterioration indicated by subjective report of decline by self and/or informant in conjunction with objective cognitive deficits, or objectively measured cognitive decline over time;
3.Activities of daily living are either intact or only minimally impaired (Table 1).20
Table 1: MCI domain assessment
*MCI patient checklist
| Domain | Yes | No | For Staff Use – any under 10th percentile | |
| 1 | Attention deficits indicated by missing stop signs, jumping the gun, slow response time, or inconsistency in manner of response |
|
|
TOVA |
| 2 | Reaction Time |
|
|
CNSVS, TOVA |
| 3 | Judgment the ability to make good decisions |
|
|
CNSVS, TOVA |
| 4 | Learning Ability understanding concepts or instructions and ability to reason |
|
|
WMS, CNSVS, WAIS |
| 5 | Delayed Recall free (without assistance), cued (with assistance of stimulus or prompt), or serial (recall items/events in order in which they were learnt), ability to retrieve information a given time period after which it was learnt |
|
|
WMS, CNSVS |
| 6 | Linguistic Function ability to communicate effectively |
|
|
MMSE |
| 7 | Verbal IQ ability to analyze information and solve language based problems of a literary, logical, or social type; understanding relationships between language concepts and performing language analogies and comparisons |
|
|
WAIS |
| 8 | Performance IQ ability to analyze and utilize visual information, such as drawing or completing pictures, manipulating blocks to build structures |
|
|
WMS II |
| 9 | Abstract IQ ability to analyze information and apply knowledge in problem solving using theories, metaphors, or complex analogies; usually involves forming ideas about the nature of objects, ideas, and processes; problems are often visual and typically do not involve social ideas |
|
|
GAMA |
| 10 | Processing Speed how quickly/efficiently the brain processes the information it receives; ability to think and learn quickly |
|
|
CNSVS, P300 |
| 11 | Immediate Memory a general change in ability to remember things, short lists, things from one second to the next, recent events, etc. |
|
|
WMS, RANDT, MMSE |
| 12 |
General Cognitive Functioning
|
