incumbent. Bond’s friends, including John Lewis and Ivanhoe Donaldson, were well aware of his popularity, appeal, and pro-SNCC politics, and they urged him to run. His friend Ben Brown, who was running for a nearby state house seat, was arguably the most persistent. In his own telling, Bond was reluctant at first and even unsure about which party to represent. “But I thought to myself, ‘He’s doing it,’” Bond later recalled, referring to Brown. “‘He and I are the same age, and I have had the same experiences. If he can do it, I can do it.’ So I did it.”36
With modest funding from his Republican father, Bond ran as a Democrat and enlisted the support of a strong team of SNCC volunteers for a door-to-door campaign that tapped into the organization’s strength in grassroots organizing. “We’d get a case of Coke and give it to someone, and they’d invite their neighbors over . . . and I’d make a speech,” Bond recalled. “Then I’d say, ‘If I do get elected, what is it you want me to do?’ They would say. Then I would make that into my platform. The more and more of these parties that we had, the more refined the platform became. So I could honestly say that I was a people’s candidate.”37 Bond’s platform called for increasing the minimum wage, repealing right-to-work laws, and ending literacy tests for voters.
On June 16, 1965, Bond won 82 percent of the votes in his district. He and Alice left for a Quaker-sponsored speaking tour in England, and upon his return home, Bond faced a crisis that resulted in national attention to his politics and personality.
At a January 6, 1966, news conference, SNCC chair John Lewis read and distributed a SNCC statement detailing the organization’s opposition to US involvement in the Vietnam War. “We recoil with horror at the inconsistency of a supposedly ‘free’ society where responsibility to freedom is equated with the responsibility to lend oneself to military aggression,” Lewis read. “We take note of the fact that 16 percent of the draftees from this country are Negroes called on to stifle the liberation of Viet Nam, to preserve a ‘democracy’ which does not exist for them at home. We ask: Where is the draft for the freedom fight in the United States?”38
Bond had played no role in writing the statement, and he was not present for Lewis’s news conference. Ed Spiva, a reporter from radio station WGST, called him to ask whether he endorsed the SNCC statement. “Yes, I do,” Bond replied. When pressed for his reasons, Bond said: “Why, I endorse it, first, because I like to think of myself as a pacifist and one who opposes that war and any other war and am anxious to encourage people not to participate in it for any reason that they choose. And secondly, I agree with this statement because of the reasons set forth in it—because I think it is sort of hypocritical for us to maintain that we are fighting for liberty in other places and we are not guaranteeing liberty to citizens inside the continental United States.”39 Spiva then asked Bond if he believed he could both endorse the SNCC statement and fulfill the duties of elected office, and Bond replied that it was possible for one to express dissent from US foreign policy while at the same time upholding state and federal constitutions.
Bond’s position did not sit well with members of the Georgia House of Representatives, and 75 of them, who characterized his stance on Vietnam as subversive and treasonous, filed petitions challenging his right to be seated. On January 10, 1966, the House clerk asked Bond to stand aside in light of the petitions while all other House members were sworn into office. As his colleagues, including those on either side of him, stood and swore their allegiance to the Georgia Constitution and the US Constitution, Bond remained in his chair. After the swearing-in ceremony, he then walked to a pool of reporters and offered them the statement that appears below.
Before I begin my remarks I want to thank my friends and associates who have guided me toward a position.
After a thorough search of my conscience, and with understanding for those who have counseled me, I must say that I sincerely feel that I have done no wrong, but I am right in expressing my views on whatever subject I wish to speak.
My first obligation is to my constituents, and I have released a statement to them. I wish to read it:
A Message to My Constituents
There has been, during the past few days, a great deal of public discussion about me, my right to serve in the Georgia House of Representatives, and my right to speak my mind.
I stand here as a citizen, elected by other citizens, to a seat in the Georgia House of Representatives.
I stand before you today, charged with entering into public discussion of matters of national interest.
I hesitate to offer explanations for my actions or deeds, for no charge has been leveled other than the charge that I have chosen to speak my mind, and no explanation is called for, for no member of the House has ever, to my knowledge, been called upon to explain his public statements or public postures as a prerequisite to admission to that body.
I therefore offer to my constituents a statement of my views. I have not counseled burning draft cards, nor have I burned mine. I have suggested that congressionally outlined alternatives to military service be extended to include building democracy at home.
The posture of my life for the past five years has been calculated to give Negroes the ability to participate in the formulation of public policies. The fact of my election to public office does not lessen my duty or desire to express my opinions, even when they differ from those held by others.
As to the current controversy, because of convictions that I have arrived at through examination of my conscience, I have decided that I personally cannot participate in war.
I stand here with intentions to take an oath that will dispel any doubts about my convictions and loyalties.
Ladies and gentlemen, the fundamental issue involved here is the right of any person in our country to dissent and to criticize governmental policy, be it national, state, or local. I reaffirm my right to do this. I hope that throughout my life I shall always have the courage to dissent. Morality in politics shall always guide me in making decisions, regardless of the voices that wish to stifle protest.
I know that the attacks on my integrity result from the fact that I work as the information director of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, and that I am dedicated to the cause of human rights. I have worked on voter registration in many parts of this state, along with my fellow workers. Many of you sitting here will recall that four years ago I attempted to sit in the galleries of this chamber. I was refused the right to watch the deliberation of my state government. People within the civil rights movement, especially the Atlanta student movement, were deeply involved in attempts to integrate the seating facilities of the gallery of this chamber where I now stand. Moreover, many of you know that a man reported to be a representative of the State of Georgia pushed myself and James Forman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and then ran into the chambers of the House where we could not pursue him. Because of this incident and the many other acts of terror I have seen inflicted upon Negroes in Georgia and throughout the South, I was very apprehensive about my personal safety this morning as I approached the capitol and sat in my seat.
This feeling was accentuated because one of my fellow workers, Sammy Younge Jr., was recently killed in Alabama as he sought to exercise his constitutional rights. Other civil rights workers have been beaten in our own state, and people have been killed in Georgia in the process of exercising their rights.
I am black and I feel these injustices. I am black and I remember my treatment in this House. I know there are Negroes still in Georgia who are afraid to register to vote. I know there are public accommodations in the state of Georgia which are still segregated. I know that veterans and soldiers are still fearful for their lives as they ride down our highways.
Therefore
