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2.Minority Staff, Putin’s Asymmetric Assault on Democracy in Russia and Europe: Implications for U.S. National Security, report prepared for the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations (Washington, DC: Government Publishing Office, January 10, 2018), iv.
3.Olga Oliker, “Unpacking Russia’s New National Security Strategy,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, January 7, 2016, 3.
4.Keir Giles, Moscow Rules: What Drives Russia to Confront the West (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2019), 15.
5.Keir Giles et al., The Russia Challenge (London: Chatham House, June 2015), 21.
6.Brian Wang, “Russia Is Weak and Has a Rapidly Aging and Shrinking Population,” Next Big Future, August 6, 2018.
7.DOD, DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms (Washington, DC: Secretary of Defense, April 2018), 22.
8.Oliker, “Unpacking Russia’s New National Security Strategy,” 7.
9.Dmitri Trenin, “The Revival of the Russian Military: How Moscow Reloaded,” Foreign Affairs, May/June 2016: 23–29.
10.Associated Press, “NATO Members Concerned about Russian ‘Military Posturing,’” Stars and Stripes, September 11, 2018.
11.Mark Galeotti, “Here’s the Real Message behind Russia’s Big Far-East Wargame,” Defense One, September 12, 2018.
12.Justin Doubleday, “New Cyber Strategy Etches Out DOD’s More Prominent, Day-to-Day Role,” Inside Defense, September 19, 2018.
13.Lionel Beehner et al., “Analyzing the Russian Way of War,” US Army Modern War Institute, March 20, 2018, 4.
14.Steven Metz, “Strategic Asymmetry,” Military Review (July/August 2001): 23.
15.Joseph S. Nye Jr., “Cyber Power,” Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, May 2010, 5.
16.Rebecca Slayton, “What Is the Cyber Offense-Defense Balance?,” International Security 41, no. 3 (Winter 2016/17): 79.
17.Joseph L. Votel, “Operationalizing the Information Environment,” Cyber Defense Review (Fall 2018): 1.
18.Everett C. Dolman, Pure Strategy: Power and Principle in the Space and Information Age (New York: Frank Cass, 2005), 6.
19.Lukas Milevski, “Asymmetry Is Strategy, Strategy Is Asymmetry,” Joint Force Quarterly, no. 75 (Fourth Quarter, 2014): 79.
20.Roger W. Barnett, Asymmetrical Warfare: Today’s Challenge to U.S. Military Power (Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2003), 15.
21.Milevski, “Asymmetry Is Strategy,” 79.
22.Milevski, 79.
23.Dmitry (Dima) Adamsky, “Cross-Domain Coercion: The Current Russian Art of Strategy,” Proliferation Papers no. 54, IFRI Security Studies Center, November 2015, 25.
24.Andreas Jacobs and Guillaume Lasconjarias, “NATO’s Hybrid Flanks: Handling Unconventional Warfare in the South and the East,” in NATO’s Response to Hybrid Threats, ed. Guillaume Lasconjarias and Jeffrey A. Larsen, Forum Paper no. 24 (Rome: NATO Defense College, 2015), 268.
25.Diego A. Ruiz Palmer, “Back to the Future? Russia’s Hybrid Warfare, Revolutions in Military Affairs, and Cold War Comparisons,” in Lasconjarias and Larsen, NATO’s Response to Hybrid Threats, 49.
26.Palmer, 50, 51.
27.“The Russian Federation’s National Security Strategy,” Russian Federation Presidential Edict 683, full-text translation, December 31, 2015, http://www.ieee.es/Galerias/fichero/OtrasPublicaciones/ Internacional/2016/Russian-National-Security-Strategy-31Dec2015.pdf.
28.Mark Galeotti, “Russia’s New National Security Strategy: Familiar Themes, Gaudy Rhetoric,” War on the Rocks, January 4, 2016.
29.Defense Intelligence Agency, “Russia Military Power: Building a Military to Support Great Power Ambitions,” 2017, 17.
30.Roger McDermott, “Russia’s 2015 National Security Strategy,” Eurasia Daily Monitor, January 12, 2016.
31.Oliker, “Unpacking Russia’s New National Security Strategy,” 7.
32.Tracy German, “In with the Old: Russia’s New National Security Strategy,” Defense-in-Depth (blog), King’s College London, January 27, 2016.
33.“Russian Federation’s National Security Strategy,” Presidential Edict 683.
34.German, “In with the Old.”
