rel="nofollow" href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/146154/2019-was-the-second-warmest-year-on-record">https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/146154/2019‐was‐the‐second‐warmest‐year‐on‐record (accessed 13 September 2020).) (b) NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) graph showing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through to 2013 compared to the base period from 1951 to 1980. The thin red line shows the annual temperature anomaly, while the thicker red line shows the five‐year running average. (Source: Global Temperature Anomaly, 1880–2013, NASA Earth Observatory, NASA.)
List of boxes
1.1 The aqueducts of Rome
1.2 Groundwater on Mars?
1.3 The North‐west Sahara Aquifer System and the Ouargla Oasis, Algeria
1.4 Groundwater depletion from global irrigated crop production and trade
1.5 Groundwater Development of the Quaternary Aquifer of the North China Plain
1.6 Groundwater resources potential in Africa
1.7 Groundwater quality and depletion in the Indo‐Gangetic Basin
2.1 Application of Darcy’s Law to simple hydrogeological situations
2.2 Laminar and turbulent flows
2.3 Flow nets and the tangent law
2.4 Potentiometric surface map of the London Basin
2.5 History of groundwater exploitation in the Chalk aquifer of the London Basin
2.6 Relationship between geology, geomorphology and groundwater in the Qu’Appelle Valley, Saskatchewan
2.7 Land subsidence in the Central Valley, California
2.8 Land subsidence in the Tehran Plain, Iran
2.9 Examples of analytical solutions to one‐dimensional groundwater flow problems
2.10 Regional‐scale groundwater flow in the Lincolnshire Limestone aquifer, England
2.11 Large‐scale groundwater flow in the Great Artesian Basin, Australia
2.12 The thermal springs of Bath, England
2.13 The transboundary Guarani Aquifer System
2.14 Submarine groundwater discharge on the west coast of Ireland
3.1 Determining porosity and sediment compressibility from drill core and well data
3.2 Compaction‐ and topography‐driven fluid flow in the Gulf of Mexico Basin
3.3 Hot springs along permeable fault zones in the Great Basin, Western USA
3.4 Reversal of regional groundwater flow patterns forced by ice‐sheet waxing and waning in the Williston Basin, Western Canada
4.1 Concentration units used in hydrochemistry
4.2 Hydrochemical characteristics of British spa waters
4.3 Influence of groundwater chemistry on the history of malting and brewing in Europe
4.4 Hydrochemical evolution in the Floridan aquifer system
4.5 Active concentration
4.6 Acid–base reactions
4.7 Carbonate chemistry of the Jurassic limestones of the Cotswolds, England
4.8 Solubility product and saturation index
4.9 Cation exchange in the Lower Mersey Basin Permo‐Triassic sandstone aquifer, England
4.10 Redox processes in the Lincolnshire Limestone aquifer, England
4.11 Microbially mediated denitrification
4.12 Hydrogeochemical characteristics of the Carnmenellis Granite, Cornwall, England
5.1 Fluid flow along faults in the Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany
6.1 Application of the chloride budget method to the Quaternary sand aquifer of Senegal, West Africa
6.2 Application of temperature‐depth profiles to calculate vertical specific discharge across an aquitard
