be taken to confirm that the findings accurately reflect the experiences and perceptions of the participants, rather than the viewpoints of the researchers. Some of the strategies that can be used are validation techniques including confirming and triangulating data from several sources, going back to the participants, sharing preliminary interpretations with the participants, asking the participants whether the researchers' thematic analysis is consistent with their experiences (Polit and Beck 2014, p. 55), and having other expert researchers review the procedures undertaken and interpretations made (Creswell 2012).
1.6 Conclusion
Qualitative research uses a naturalistic approach that seeks to understand phenomena in context‐specific settings in order to make sense of them and interpret them in terms of the meaning people bring to them. It contributes to the humanizing of healthcare as it addresses topics of health and illness. It does not have firm or rigid guidelines, and it takes time to conduct. Some of the methods that can be used for a qualitative inquiry are narrative research, phenomenology, grounded theory, case study, and ethnography. Although the study design emerges during the inquiry, it follows the pattern of scientific research. Researchers collect data rigorously in natural settings over a period of time and analyze them inductively to establish patterns or themes. Ethical decisions and considerations around rigor and trustworthiness are continuously threaded throughout the study. The final report presents the active voices of participants and a description and interpretation of the meaning of the phenomenon, including the reflexivity of the researcher.
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