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5 Fish Surgery
Claire Vergneau‐Grosset and and E. Scott Weber, III
Surgeons working with fish should be familiar with their anatomy and physiology. Given that fish are the largest class of vertebrates, anatomic variability is common, and the surgeon should refer to species‐specific information, remembering that while many references are not veterinary based, they still provide critical information about anatomy and physiology (Harder 1975). In addition, there are an increasing number of articles describing normal and abnormal anatomic structures obtained with ultrasonography (Walsh et al. 1993; Raidal et al. 2006; Grant et al. 2013; Jafarey et al. 2015), radiography (Love and Lewbart 1997; Bakal et al. 1998; Govett et al. 2004; Schwarz et al. 2002), computed tomography (CT) (Figure 5.1a,b) (Pees et al. 2010; Carr et al. 2014; Schwarz et al. 2002), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (Chanet et al. 2009). Ultrasound, CT, and MRI images may be obtained with the fish remaining in water (Pees et al. 2010).
Perioperative and Postoperative Surgical Management
Water
Thermoregulation, osmoregulation, and other water quality parameters must be maintained throughout surgery. Postoperatively, to reduce osmotic stress, add salt to the water at a concentration of 3–5 ppt for freshwater species. Increasing the water temperature to the higher temperature range of the species can hasten incision healing. It may be important to isolate the patient for improved monitoring depending on logistical and behavioral constraints. Because of the lower environmental temperatures, absorbable suture material will remain for a long period. Suture removal is usually not performed before three to four weeks and may take months in cold‐water species and careful examination of the wound margins to assess skin continuity is recommended prior to suture removal, typically after four to eight weeks in temperate species (Sladky and Clarke 2016).
Analgesia,
